发电技术 ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (3): 607-616.DOI: 10.12096/j.2096-4528.pgt.23032

• 新型电力系统 • 上一篇    

分布式光伏电站投资决策及经济性分析

王驰中, 高鑫, 陈衡, 张国强, 张锴   

  1. 华北电力大学能源动力与机械工程学院,北京市 昌平区 102206
  • 收稿日期:2024-05-15 修回日期:2024-08-10 出版日期:2025-06-30 发布日期:2025-06-16
  • 通讯作者: 陈衡
  • 作者简介:王驰中(1998),男,硕士,主要研究方向为光伏系统经济性分析和多能互补系统,w18843229846@163.com
    陈衡(1989),男,博士,副教授,主要研究方向为多能互补系统及系统综合评价、智慧电力系统和电网提质增效,本文通信作者,heng@ncepu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目(52276006)

Investment Decision and Economic Analysis of Distributed Photovoltaic Power Stations

Chizhong WANG, Xin GAO, Heng CHEN, Guoqiang ZHANG, Kai ZHANG   

  1. School of Energy Power and Mechanical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China
  • Received:2024-05-15 Revised:2024-08-10 Published:2025-06-30 Online:2025-06-16
  • Contact: Heng CHEN
  • Supported by:
    National Natural Science Foundation of China(52276006)

摘要:

目的 随着我国光伏产业的不断发展,光伏产业逐渐从高度依赖政府政策补贴向平价上网方向发展,对光伏电站的经济效益提出了更高的要求。因此,对光伏电站的投资决策和经济评价进行了全面细致的研究。 方法 从场址太阳能资源分析、太阳能电池组件选择、逆变器选择等多个方面对某4.45 MW分布式光伏电站项目进行投资决策指导。通过计算项目建设投资和收入,对该项目进行经济性分析,研究了建设投资、经营成本、发电电价及发电产量对分布式光伏电站项目经济性的影响。 结果 通过经济性分析,得出该系统的项目投资财务内部收益率(税后)为7.43%,项目投资回收期(税后)为11.39 a,资本金财务内部收益率为11.43%,资本金投资回收期为10.38 a。 结论 该项目具有良好的经济效益,项目经济性对电价变化最为敏感,且该项目具有较强的抗风险能力。研究结果可为光伏工程的研究和应用提供理论参考和工程指导。

关键词: 光伏发电, 分布式光伏, 降本增效, 投资成本, 投资决策, 经济性分析, 敏感性分析, 内部收益率

Abstract:

Objectives With the continuous advancement of China’s photovoltaic (PV) industry, the industry is transitioning from being heavily reliant on government policy subsidies to achieving grid parity, which places higher demands on the economic benefits of PV power stations. Consequently, a more comprehensive and detailed study on the investment decision and economic evaluation of photovoltaic power stations is conducted. Methods Investment decision guidance for a 4.45 MW distributed PV power station project is provided from multiple aspects, including site solar resource analysis, solar module selection, and inverter selection. By calculating the construction investment and revenue, economic analysis of the project is conducted, and the effects of construction investment, operating costs, power generation price, and power generation output on the project’s economics are studied. Results The economic analysis reveals that the project achieves an after-tax financial internal rate of return (FIRR) of 7.43%, with an after-tax investment payback period of 11.39a. For equity capital, the FIRR is 11.43%, and the payback period is 10.38a. Conclusions The project offers favorable economic benefits and the project economics is most sensitive to changes in electricity prices. Furthermore, the project demonstrates strong resilience to risks. The research results can provide theoretical reference and engineering guidance for the research and application of PV projects.

Key words: photovoltaic power generation, distributed photovoltaic, cost reduction and efficiency improvement, investment cost, investment decision, economic analysis, sensitivity analysis, internal rate of return

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