煤氨混燃对燃煤锅炉受热面传热特性影响分析

doi:10.12096/j.2096-4528.pgt.23160

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的掺氨燃烧是降低燃煤锅炉碳排放的有效方式，但目前从全炉膛尺度对掺氨燃烧进行分析的研究较少。为此，系统分析了不同负荷下全炉膛尺度的传热特性。方法结合数值模拟和锅炉热力计算方法，探究了50%~100%不同负荷下掺氨燃烧对某600 MW亚临界燃煤锅炉炉膛及对流受热面传热的影响，分析了工质温度、烟气温度及锅炉效率等随掺氨比例(0~40%热值比)的变化特性。结果炉膛出口烟温随掺氨比例增加呈下降趋势；通过对锅炉减温水量进行调整，掺烧0~40%氨后各受热面工质出口温度可保持稳定；同时，空预器出口处热一、二次风温随掺氨比例增加而小幅降低；与纯煤燃烧相比，20%~40%掺氨比例下锅炉排烟温度增加7.8~8.1℃，由此导致锅炉效率下降0.9%~1.1%。结论通过合理调节，可保证在50%掺氨比例以下维持锅炉的稳定运行。研究结果为煤氨混燃技术的应用提供了理论依据和实践指导。

关键词: 燃煤发电, 燃煤锅炉, 氨掺烧, 数值模拟, 传热特性, 热力计算

Abstract:

Objectives Ammonia co-firing is an effective way to reduce carbon emission from coal-fired boiler. However, there are few studies on the analysis of ammonia co-firing from the perspective of the entire furnace scale. Therefore, the heat transfer behavior under different loads are systematically analyzed. Methods Combined with numerical simulation and boiler thermodynamic calculation, the influence of ammonia co-firing on the heat transfer of furnace and convection heating surface of a 600 MW subcritical coal-fired boiler under different loads of 50%- 100% is investigated. The variation characteristics of working fluid temperature, flue gas temperature and boiler efficiency with varying ammonia co-firing ratios (0-40% calorific value ratio) are analyzed. Results The furnace outlet flue gas temperature tends to decrease with increasing ammonia co-firing ratio. By adjusting the attemperation water of boiler, the outlet temperature of the working fluid on each heating surface remains stable when co-firing 0-40% ammonia. Additionally, the temperature of primary and secondary hot air at the air preheater outlet slightly decreases with a higher proportion of ammonia. Compared with pure coal combustion, the exhaust gas temperature of the boiler increases by 7.8-8.1 ℃at 20%-40% ammonia co-firing ratio, leading to a decrease of boiler efficiency by 0.9%-1.1%. Conclusions Appropriately adjusting the parameters, stable boiler operation can be maintained with an ammonia co-firing ratio below 50%.The findings provide a theoretical basis and practical guidance for the application of coal-ammonia co-combustion technology.

Key words: coal-fired power generation, coal-fired boiler, ammonia co-firing, numerical simulation, heat transfer characteristic, thermodynamic calculation

中图分类号:

TK 225

徐义巍, 洪岩, 赵晓鹏, 隋炳伟. 煤氨混燃对燃煤锅炉受热面传热特性影响分析[J]. 发电技术, 2025, 46(5): 1022-1031.

Yiwei XU, Yan HONG, Xiaopeng ZHAO, Bingwei SUI. Analysis of Influence of Coal-Ammonia Co-firing on the Heat Transfer Characteristics of Heating Surfaces in Coal-Fired Boiler[J]. Power Generation Technology, 2025, 46(5): 1022-1031.

图/表 17

图1 锅炉结构

Fig. 1 Boiler structure

图2 炉膛燃烧器位置分布

Fig. 2 Burner distribution in the furnace

表1 锅炉设计煤种数据分析

Tab. 1 Analysis of design coal data for boiler

参数	工业分析				元素分析					发热量/(MJ/kg)
参数	M_ar	F_Car	V_ar	A_ar	C_ar	H_ar	O_ar	N_ar	S_ar	发热量/(MJ/kg)
数值	14.50	48.32	29.48	7.70	62.58	3.70	10.05	1.07	0.40	24.00

表2 不同负荷下锅炉的给煤量、给氨量和空气量

Tab. 2 Coal, ammonia, and air feed rates for the boiler under different loads

锅炉负荷	掺氨比例/%	给煤量/(kg/s)	给氨量/(kg/s)	总空气量/(kg/s)
100%负荷	0	58.24	0	559.83
	20	46.59	15.03	557.98
	40	34.95	30.16	555.87
75%负荷	0	44.26	0	425.42
	20	35.41	11.42	424.01
	40	26.56	22.84	422.41
50%负荷	0	30.34	0	291.60
	20	24.27	7.83	290.63
	40	18.20	15.66	289.54

图3 炉膛网格划分

Fig. 3 Furnace grid division

表3 100%与50%负荷下锅炉主要参数设计值与计算值对比

Tab. 3 Comparison of design and calculated values for boiler main parameters under 100% and 50% load

参数	100%负荷		50%负荷
参数	设计值	计算值	设计值	计算值
屏式过热器出口烟温/℃	1 126.0	1 126.0	1 008.0	1 009.8
高温再热器出口烟温/℃	768.0	768.0	685.0	685.9
空预器进口烟温/℃	355.0	355.0	297.0	297.0
排烟温度/℃	119.0	119.0	99.0	99.2
高温过热器进口蒸汽温度/℃	510.0	510.0	520.0	519.7
高温过热器出口蒸汽温度/℃	541.0	541.0	541.0	540.9
壁式再热器进口蒸汽温度/℃	310.0	310.0	301.0	301.0
高温再热器出口蒸汽温度/℃	541.0	541.0	539.0	539.0

图4 掺氨比例对炉膛内部温度场的影响

Fig. 4 Effect of ammonia ratio on temperature field inside the furnace

图5 掺氨比例对炉膛出口烟温的影响

Fig. 5 Effect of ammonia ratio on furnace outlet flue gas temperature

表4 不同负荷下掺氨比例对火焰中心相对高度的影响

Tab. 4 Effect of ammonia ratio on relative height of flame center under different loads

参数	掺氨比例
参数	0%	20%	40%
100%负荷下火焰中心相对高度/%	11.83	10.78	9.57
75%负荷下火焰中心相对高度/%	5.87	4.95	4.02
50%负荷下火焰中心相对高度/%	3.82	2.81	2.17

表5 100%负荷下炉膛出口烟气主要参数计算结果对比

Tab. 5 Comparison of calculated values for main flue gas parameters under 100% load

参数	掺氨比例
参数	0%	20%	40%
炉膛出口烟温/℃	1 368.6	1 355.8	1 344.2
炉膛出口烟气流量/(×10³m³/h)	1 415.8	1 482.7	1 549.7
N₂体积分数/%	73.6	72.7	71.8
O₂体积分数/%	3.1	3.0	2.9
CO₂体积分数/%	14.6	11.3	8.2
H₂O体积分数/%	8.7	13.0	17.1
SO₂体积分数/%	0.04	0.03	0.02
飞灰质量浓度/(g/m³)	9.2	7.1	5.1
焦炭粒子质量浓度/(g/m³)	3.9	2.7	1.8

图6 掺氨比例对减温水量的影响

Fig. 6 Effect of ammonia ratio on attemperating water volume

图7 不同负荷下掺氨比例对受热面出口工质温度的影响

Fig. 7 Effect of ammonia ratio on working medium outlet temperatures under different loads

图8 不同负荷下掺氨比例对受热面出口烟温的影响

Fig. 8 Effect of ammonia ratio on outlet flue gas temperature under different loads

图9 不同负荷下掺氨比例对热一、二次风温的影响

Fig. 9 Effect of ammonia ratio on primary and secondary air temperatures under different loads

图10 不同负荷下掺氨比例对锅炉排烟温度的影响

Fig. 10 Effect of ammonia ratio on boiler exhaust gas temperature under different loads

图11 不同负荷下掺氨比例对锅炉效率的影响

Fig. 11 Effect of ammonia ratio on boiler efficiency under different loads

表6 100%负荷下掺氨比例对空预器烟焓的影响

Tab. 6 Effect of ammonia ratio on flue gas enthalpy of air preheater under 100% load

参数	掺氨比例
参数	0%	20%	40%
空预器进口烟焓/(kJ/kg)	4 039.65	3 922.17	3 817.95
空预器出口烟焓/(kJ/kg)	1 396.32	1 407.15	1 410.34
空预器烟气焓降/(kJ/kg)	2 643.33	2 515.02	2 407.61

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