准东煤灰的动态沉积与脱落特性数值模拟研究

doi:10.12096/j.2096-4528.pgt.24220

发电技术 ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (4): 829-838.DOI: 10.12096/j.2096-4528.pgt.24220

准东煤灰的动态沉积与脱落特性数值模拟研究

郭前鑫¹, 李建波², 王虎¹, 梁银堂², 韩新建¹, 阮雄伟², 卢啸风²

^1.国家能源集团国神公司技术支持中心，陕西省西安市 710000
^2.低品位能源利用技术及系统教育部重点实验室(重庆大学)，重庆市沙坪坝区 400044

收稿日期:2024-10-16 修回日期:2025-01-03 出版日期:2025-08-31 发布日期:2025-08-21
通讯作者: 李建波
作者简介:郭前鑫(1970)，男，高级工程师，主要研究方向为电力工程技术开发和管理、煤炭高效清洁低碳利用等，11172400@ceic.com；
李建波(1989)，男，博士，副教授，主要研究方向为循环流化床燃烧技术、高碱煤的清洁高效利用和低碳(生物质)及零碳(氢/氨)燃料的燃烧利用等，本文通信作者，jianbo.li@cqu.edu.cn；
卢啸风(1962)，男，博士，教授，主要从事洁净煤燃烧技术及工程应用研究和烟气脱硫、脱硝技术及工程应用研究，xfluke@cqu.edu.cn。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(52176101)

Study on Numerical Simulation of Dynamic Deposition and Shedding Characteristics of Zhundong Coal Ash

Qianxin GUO¹, Jianbo LI², Hu WANG¹, Yintang LIANG², Xinjian HAN¹, Xiongwei RUAN², Xiaofeng LU²

^1.Guoshen Technical Support Center, CHN ENERGY Investment Group Co. , Ltd. , Xi’an 710000, Shaanxi Province, China
^2.Key Laboratory of Low-Grade Energy Utilization Technology and System (Chongqing University), Ministry of Education, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400044, China

Received:2024-10-16 Revised:2025-01-03 Published:2025-08-31 Online:2025-08-21
Contact: Jianbo LI
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(52176101)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的电站锅炉在燃用准东煤时会出现严重的受热面沾污结渣问题，为此，对准东煤灰在受热面上的沉积和脱落特性进行了研究。方法建立了基于颗粒黏附能的沉积灰侵蚀模型，对准东煤灰在单管上的动态沉积和脱落过程进行了数值模拟研究。结果耦合侵蚀机理的模型模拟结果与实验结果之间的误差仅为3.3%，展现出较高的精确度。此外，沉积灰的脱落速率呈先增大后趋于平缓的趋势，但在所模拟的时间范围内仅能使25%的沉积灰脱落。与此同时，沉积灰的累积使受热面的传热损耗速率逐渐增大，6 h时间段内的平均传热损耗速率为1 h时间段的1.76倍。另外，6 h沉积灰的黏附能为1 h的6.11倍，相应的吹灰出口空气质量流率需要提高1.85倍才能有望清除全部的积灰。结论研究结果加深了对准东煤灰动态沉积和脱落过程的认识，为工业上的吹灰优化提供了重要研究数据和理论支撑。

关键词: 煤电, 准东煤, 积灰, 侵蚀脱落, 平均黏附能, 数值模拟, 碱金属, 吹灰

Abstract:

Objectives Power plant boilers often experience severe fouling and slagging issues on the heating surfaces when burning Zhundong coal. Therefore, the deposition and shedding characteristics of Zhundong coal ash on the heating surface were studied. Methods A deposited ash erosion model based on particle adhesion energy is established, and numerical simulations are then conducted to examine the dynamic deposition and shedding processes of Zhundong coal ash on a single tube. Results The model incorporating the coupled erosion mechanisms has a deviation of only 3.3% compared to the experimental results, demonstrating high accuracy. Besides, the shedding rate of the deposited ash increases initially but then levels off. However, within the simulated timeframe, only 25% of the deposited ash can be removed. In addition, the accumulation of deposited ash leads to a gradual increase in the heat transfer loss rate of the heating surface, with the average heat transfer loss rate during a 6-hour period being 1.76 times that of a 1-hour period. Furthermore, the adhesion energy of the deposited ash after 6 hours is 6.11 times that after 1 hour, and the corresponding mass flow rate of air at the soot-blowing outlet needs to be increased by 1.85 times to effectively remove all the deposited ash. Conclusions These findings enhance the understanding of the dynamic deposition and shedding processes of Zhundong coal ash and offer important research data and theoretical support for optimizing soot-blowing operations in industrial applications.

Key words: coal-fired electricity, Zhundong coal, ash deposition, erosion and shedding, average adhesion energy, numerical simulation, alkali metal, soot blowing

中图分类号:

TK 16

郭前鑫, 李建波, 王虎, 梁银堂, 韩新建, 阮雄伟, 卢啸风. 准东煤灰的动态沉积与脱落特性数值模拟研究[J]. 发电技术, 2025, 46(4): 829-838.

Qianxin GUO, Jianbo LI, Hu WANG, Yintang LIANG, Xinjian HAN, Xiongwei RUAN, Xiaofeng LU. Study on Numerical Simulation of Dynamic Deposition and Shedding Characteristics of Zhundong Coal Ash[J]. Power Generation Technology, 2025, 46(4): 829-838.

图/表 10

表1 准东煤的工业分析、元素分析以及煤灰化学成分 (%)

Tab. 1 Proximate analysis and ultimate analysis of Zhundong coal and its ash chemical composition

化学成分分析(干燥基)											工业分析					元素分析
w(SiO₂)	w(Al₂O₃)	w(Fe₂O₃)	w(CaO)	w(MgO)	w(TiO₂)	w(SO₃)	w(P₂O₅)	w(K₂O)	w(Na₂O)		$w M a d$	$w V d$	$w F C d$	$w A d$		w(C)	w(H)	w(O)	w(N)	w(S)
11.71	6.69	5.93	32.51	7.56	0.39	27.93	0.09	0.44	4.9		15.6	30.07	64.84	5.09		75.45	3.51	14.69	0.69	0.57

表1 准东煤的工业分析、元素分析以及煤灰化学成分 (%)

Tab. 1 Proximate analysis and ultimate analysis of Zhundong coal and its ash chemical composition

化学成分分析(干燥基)											工业分析					元素分析
w(SiO₂)	w(Al₂O₃)	w(Fe₂O₃)	w(CaO)	w(MgO)	w(TiO₂)	w(SO₃)	w(P₂O₅)	w(K₂O)	w(Na₂O)		$w M a d$	$w V d$	$w F C d$	$w A d$		w(C)	w(H)	w(O)	w(N)	w(S)
11.71	6.69	5.93	32.51	7.56	0.39	27.93	0.09	0.44	4.9		15.6	30.07	64.84	5.09		75.45	3.51	14.69	0.69	0.57

表2 模拟输入的条件

Tab. 2 Simulation input conditions

参数	数值	来源
烟气温度/K	1 073	实验
探针温度/K	823	实验
入口速度/(m/s)	15	实验
飞灰质量流量/(kg/s)	0.000 24	实验
飞灰密度/(kg/m³)	2 500	文献[28]
沉积灰层孔隙率	0.5	文献[29]
飞灰导热率/[W/(m⋅K)]	1.89	文献[30]

图1 积灰厚度及其分布特性模拟结果与实验结果对比

Fig. 1 Comparison between simulated and experimental results of deposited ash thickness and its distribution characteristics

图2 有无侵蚀模型时的沉积灰形貌

Fig. 2 Morphology of deposited ash with and without erosion model

图3 换热管道沉积灰质量及脱落质量随时间的变化规律

Fig. 3 Variation patterns of deposited ash mass and shedding amount in heat exchange tube over time

图4 沉积灰平均粒径随时间的变化

Fig. 4 Variation of average particle size of deposited ash over time

图5 沉积灰表面温度随时间的变化规律

Fig. 5 Variation patterns of surface temperature of deposited ash over time

图6 管内外热流量随时间的变化关系

Fig. 6 Variation of heat flux inside and outside tube over time

表3 传热损耗率随时间的变化关系

Tab. 3 Variation of heat transfer loss rate over time

灰沉积时间/h	传热损耗/kJ	平均传热损耗速率/(kJ/h)
1	7 145.41	7 145.41
2	17 236.44	8 618.22
3	29 597.16	9 865.72
4	43 663.31	10 915.83
5	59 052.21	11 810.44
6	75 547.71	12 591.28

表4 沉积灰的平均黏附能和所需的吹灰质量流率

Tab. 4 Average adhesion energy of deposited ash and required mass flow rate for soot blowing

灰沉积时间/h	换热管道沉积灰黏附能/J	吹灰装置出口质量流率/(kg/s)
1	302.39	0.003 9
2	597.01	0.004 9
3	884.62	0.005 6
4	1 201.73	0.006 2
5	1 525.69	0.006 7
6	1 847.79	0.007 2

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准东煤灰的动态沉积与脱落特性数值模拟研究

Study on Numerical Simulation of Dynamic Deposition and Shedding Characteristics of Zhundong Coal Ash

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[2]	张立峰, 董祥虎. 基于鲁棒正则化极限学习机的声学层析温度分布重建[J]. 发电技术, 2025, 46(2): 361-369.
[3]	乔世超, 陈衡, 李博, 潘佩媛, 徐钢. 基于K-Means聚类与Ridge回归算法的煤炭发热量预测研究[J]. 发电技术, 2025, 46(1): 135-144.
[4]	李凯, 章平衡, 孟志浩, 曹允宁, 徐尧, 刘莉, 李廉明. SCR外置烟道飞灰沉积特性与流场优化数值仿真[J]. 发电技术, 2025, 46(1): 145-153.
[5]	王凯卉, 刘斌, 折晓会, 刘伟, 范昊, 康宗耀, 徐礼. 氨氢混合燃烧在旋流燃烧器中的动力学特性与NO _x 减排机理研究[J]. 发电技术, 2025, 46(1): 171-179.
[6]	曾宪民, 李柏云, 沈向阳, 陈嘉澍, 丁力行. 半周受热下太阳能吸热器横纹管的热应力分析[J]. 发电技术, 2025, 46(1): 190-199.
[7]	严新荣, 胡志勇, 张鹏威, 郑成航, 向军, 唐郭安, 刘金亮, 郭剑雄, 黄一博, 于鹏峰, 高翔. 煤电机组运行灵活性提升技术研究与应用[J]. 发电技术, 2024, 45(6): 1074-1086.
[8]	刘卓, 陈冬林, 汪淑奇, 杨仪江, 闫优洋, 杨展. 减缓脱硫塔除雾器堵塞的流场优化方法[J]. 发电技术, 2024, 45(6): 1087-1094.
[9]	袁鑫, 刘骏, 陈衡, 潘佩媛, 徐钢, 王修彦. 碳捕集技术应用对燃煤机组调峰能力的影响[J]. 发电技术, 2024, 45(3): 373-381.
[10]	屠楠, 刘家琛, 徐静, 方嘉宾, 马彦花. 管壳式相变蓄热器的蓄释热过程性能分析[J]. 发电技术, 2024, 45(3): 508-516.
[11]	张宏伟, 张永生, 汪涛, 王家伟. 电厂燃煤飞灰固化脱硫污泥重金属铅特性研究[J]. 发电技术, 2024, 45(3): 527-534.
[12]	刘学, 李国栋, 张瑞颖, 侯一晨, 陈磊, 杨立军. 电站空冷岛轴流风机模型研究[J]. 发电技术, 2024, 45(3): 545-557.
[13]	龚思琦, 云再鹏, 许明, 敖乐, 李初福, 黄凯, 孙晨. 基于三元催化剂的固体氧化物燃料电池尾气催化燃烧数值模拟[J]. 发电技术, 2024, 45(2): 331-340.
[14]	刘玉成, 杨源, 胡宇浩, 李雨航, 赵子泰, 马志勇, 董玉亮. 基于事件树连锁故障推演和证据推理的制氢站设备风险评价[J]. 发电技术, 2024, 45(1): 42-50.
[15]	郭滔, 于海洋, 冯海波, 袁汉川, 田兵, 杨玉杰, 赵元宾, 赵倩. 气侧均流装置对冷却三角单元流动传热特性影响的实验研究[J]. 发电技术, 2024, 45(1): 79-89.