塔式太阳能电站定日镜场布局研究

doi:10.12096/j.2096-4528.pgt.21094

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

对基于辐射网格布局和无遮挡损失原则所衍生出的无遮挡（EB）布局、无阻塞（No blocking-dense）布局、经验型（DELSOL）布局3种塔式定日镜场布局进行了研究。对这3种布局的数学模型进行了归纳，结合塔式电站Gemasolar的部分设计参数，分别根据3种布局模式采用SolarPILOT软件对镜场进行建模仿真。利用MATLAB对建模所得镜场坐标数据进行处理，得到径向间距和方位间距变化曲线，验证了3种布局数学模型的合理性。通过分析各镜场中基础环和交错环的排布特点得出镜环布置规则，同时从镜场的定日镜数量、光学效率、土地利用率、接收能量等方面对比不同布局的性能，分析其优缺点。结果表明：在镜场半径为1 000 m的范围内，No blocking-dense布局下镜场的年均光学效率和土地利用率最高，EB布局次之，但EB布局下定日镜数量和镜场接收能量最多，DELSOL布局的各项性能特性均最低。

关键词: 太阳能热发电, 塔式太阳能电站, 定日镜场布局, 径向间距, 方位间距

Abstract:

Three tower heliostat field layouts, EB, No blocking-dense, and DELSOL derived from the radial staggered layout and the principle of no blocking loss, were studied. After summarizing the mathematical models of the three heliostat field layouts, combined with some design parameters of Gemasolar power tower plant, the software SolarPILOT was used to model and simulate the heliostat field according to the three layout modes. MATLAB was used to process the coordinate data of the heliostat field obtained by the modeling, and the change curves of radial spacing and azimuth spacing were obtained, so as to verify the rationality of the three layout mathematical models. The layout rules of the heliostat ring were obtained by analyzing the arrangement characteristics of the basic ring and the staggered ring in each heliostat field. At the same time, the performance of different layouts was compared from the number of heliostats, the optical efficiency, the land utilization ratio and the receiving energy of the heliostat field, and their advantages and disadvantages were analyzed. The results show that in the range of 1 000 m radius of the heliostat field, the average annual optical efficiency and land utilization rate of the heliostat field under the No blocking-dense layout are the highest, followed by the EB layout. However, the number of the heliostats and the receiving energy of the heliostat field under the EB layout are the largest, and the performance characteristics of the DELSOL layout are the lowest.

Key words: solar thermal power generation, solar power tower plant, heliostat field layout, radial spacing, azimuth spacing

中图分类号:

TK51

孙浩, 高博, 刘建兴. 塔式太阳能电站定日镜场布局研究[J]. 发电技术, 2021, 42(6): 690-698.

Hao SUN, Bo GAO, Jianxing LIU. Study on Heliostat Field Layout of Solar Power Tower Plant[J]. Power Generation Technology, 2021, 42(6): 690-698.

图/表 9

表1 Gemasolar电站部分公开参数

Tab. 1 Partial public parameters of Gemasolar power plant

类别	参数	数值
资源环境	纬度/(°)	37.42
	经度/(°)	−5.90
	年均DNI/(kW∙h/m²)	2 172
	年均环境温度/℃	18.4
	设计点逐时DNI(W/m²)	917
定日镜场	定日镜高度/m	12.305
	定日镜宽度/m	9.752
	定日镜面积/m²	120
	定日镜数量/面	2 650
	反射面积与总结构面积之比	0.960
集热系统	吸热塔光学高度/m	147
	吸热器高度/m	14.220
	吸热器直径/m	8.890
	涂层吸收率/%	95.0
发电模块	汽轮发电机额定功率/MW	19.9
	汽轮机循环热效率/%	37.5
	发电机效率/%	87.5

图1 DELSOL布局示意图

Fig.1 Schematic illustration of DELSOL layout

图2 EB布局示意图

Fig.2 Schematic illustration of EB layout

图3 No blocking-dense布局示意图

Fig.3 Schematic illustration of No blocking-dense layout

图4 径向间距图

Fig.4 Radial spacing diagram

图5 方位间距图

Fig.5 Azimuth spacing diagram

图6 不同布局方式下镜场的各年均效率

Fig.6 Average annual efficiency of heliostat field under different layouts

图7 不同布局下镜场的土地利用率、面积及定日镜总面积

Fig.7 Land utilization ratio and area of heliostat field, and total area of heliostat under different layouts

图8 典型日的镜场接收能量图

Fig.8 Received energy of different layout heliostats at a typical day

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