塔式太阳能辅助燃气蒸汽联合循环钙基碳捕集系统设计

doi:10.12096/j.2096-4528.pgt.21081

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

化石能源电站是最大的CO₂集中排放源，开展燃煤、燃气等化石能源电站碳减排是实现碳中和的必经之路。相较于其他碳捕集技术，碱金属基固体碳捕集具有捕集效率高、反应能耗低等优势，但其过高的再生能耗仍会大幅影响燃煤电站性能。对此，提出了利用塔式太阳能聚光集热辅助燃气蒸汽联合发电烟气碳捕集的系统。以某467MW燃气蒸汽联合循环电站为原型开展系统设计并完成性能分析。与原始系统相比，设计系统发电功率提升42.43MW，发电效率达到63%。相较于依靠化石能源自身捕集CO₂的参比系统，设计系统发电功率提升148.5MW，发电效率提升约18个百分点。选取春分日作为典型日进行系统变工况分析，结果表明：系统可实现全天6h以上的额定工况运行，累计碳捕集量达到1452t，累积增发电量381MW·h。所提出的系统在避免降低电站自身发电效率条件下，借助太阳能完成CO₂捕集，实现化石能源的零碳排放利用。此外，还将钙基碳捕集碳酸化过程释放的高温热重新应用于燃气蒸汽联合循环系统发电，进一步提升系统性能。研究结果可为可再生能源与化石能源的多能互补综合利用提供新的思路及方法。

关键词: 碳中和, 太阳能热发电, 钙基碳捕集, 多能互补, 碳减排

Abstract:

Fossil energy power stations are the largest centralized source of CO₂ emission, and the carbon emission reduction of fossil energy power stations such as coal and gas is the essential way to achieve carbon neutralization. Compared with other technologies, carbon capture based on the alkali metal has the advantages of high capture efficiency and low reaction energy consumption, but its high regeneration energy consumption will greatly affect the performance of coal-fired power stations. In this paper, a system of gas-steam combined cycle with flue gas carbon capture assisted by solar thermal tower was proposed. Taking a 467MW gas steam combined cycle power plant as the prototype, the system design and performance analysis were carried out. Compared with the original system, the power generation of the designed system was increased by 42.43MW, and the power generation efficiency reached 63%. Compared with the reference system relying on fossil energy to capture carbon dioxide, the designed power generation capacity of the system was increased by 148.5MW, and the power generation efficiency was increased by about 18 percent points. The vernal equinox day was selected as a typical day to analyze the off-design condition of the system. The results show that the system can operate at rated condition for more than six hours a day, the cumulative carbon capture capacity is 1452t, and the cumulative additional power generation is 381MW·h. The proposed system used solar energy to capture carbon dioxide without reducing the power generation efficiency of the power station itself, and realized the zero-carbon emission utilization of fossil energy. In addition, the high-temperature heat released by the calcium-based carbon capture and carbonation process was reused to the gas-steam combined cycle system for power generation to further improve the system performance. The research results can provide new ideas and methods for the multi-energy complementary and comprehensive utilization of renewable energy and fossil energy.

Key words: carbon neutralization, solar thermal power generation, calcium-based carbon capture, multi-energy complementation, carbon emission reduction

中图分类号:

TK51

刘兰华, 王瑞林, 洪慧. 塔式太阳能辅助燃气蒸汽联合循环钙基碳捕集系统设计[J]. 发电技术, 2021, 42(4): 517-524.

Lanhua LIU, Ruilin WANG, Hui HONG. Design of Calcium-based Carbon Capture System for Gas-Steam Combined Cycle Assisted by Solar Thermal Tower[J]. Power Generation Technology, 2021, 42(4): 517-524.

图/表 8

图1 塔式太阳能驱动燃气蒸汽联合循环烟气碳捕集系统示意图

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of gas-steam combined cycle flue gas carbon capture system driven by solar thermal tower

图2 钙基碳捕集再生/捕集反应过程模型

Fig.2 Calcium-based carbon capture regeneration/capture reaction process model

表1 燃气蒸汽联合循环轮主要参数

Tab. 1 Main parameters of gas-steam combined cycle wheel

参数	数值	参数	数值
空气质量流量/(kg·s⁻¹)	641.97	压气机效率	0.89
压气机出口压力/MPa	15.37	透平入口烟气温度/K	1 600.15
烟气质量流量/(kg·s⁻¹)	658.46	透平设计效率	0.83
高压缸入口温度/K	567.50	中低压缸入口压力/MPa	2.30
高压缸入口压力/MPa	9.79	中低压缸入口温度/K	567.50
高压相对内效率	0.87	中低压相对内效率	0.91
燃空比	38.92	总发电功率/MW	467.25

图3 钙基碳捕集碳酸化过程碳捕集效率与温度关系

Fig.3 Relationship between carbon capture efficiency and temperature in carbonation process of calcium-based carbon capture

表2 塔式太阳能聚光集热参数

Tab. 2 Solar spotlight heating parameters

参数	数值	参数	数值
定日镜反射率/%	93	定日镜场效率/%	78
接收机发射率/%	15	吸热器拦截效率/%	98
定日镜清洁系数	0.94

图4 原始、参比及设计系统性能比较

Fig.4 Comparison of raw, reference, and design system performance

图5 不同时刻辐照、碳捕集量、增发功率变化趋势图

Fig.5 Trends of solar irradiance, carbon capture capacity and power generation increase at different moments

图6 典型日太阳热能储释变化图

Fig.6 Variation of solar thermal energy storage and release of in typical days

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