Preparation and Performance Analysis of High Performance Cathode Material Graphene-Mesoporous Carbon Composites for Lithium-Ion Capacitor

doi:10.12096/j.2096-4528.pgt.23099

Abstract

Abstract:

Objectives The lithium-ion capacitor (LIC) composite cathode materials with both high mass activity and high volume activity were designed. Methods By scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, Kanta fully automatic specific surface and pore size analyzer, and four-probe tester, the micromorphology, stacking mode, contact mode and interface characteristics between particles were analyzed for the impact of conductivity and electrical properties of composite electrodes. Results Mesoporous activated carbon (MC) and monodisperse graphene/single-walled carbon nanotube hybrid (GNH) were mixed, followed by compressing tightly to prepare the lithium-ion capacitor cathode material. GNH were uniformly wrapped around the surface of MC particles with face-to-face connection, which increases the contact area. Then, the even 3D conductive network constructed by GNH among the individual MC particles provided high electrical conductivity and accelerated electron conduction. In addition, GNH were located at the high ion concentration side due to their exohedral surface structure. Meanwhile, a contact potential difference effect existed between GNH (the easy conductive one) and MC (the poor conductive one). This produced rapid ion and electron dual transport channels at the interface between GNH and MC, and boosted ion diffusion in the porous structure inside MC particles. It will help avoid the loss of capacity from slow ion diffusion at higher current densities. Conclusions The addition of 5% GNH brings about outstanding rate performance, and higher mass and volumetric energy density, but does not reduce the packing density.

Key words: electrochemical energy storage, mesoporous activated carbon, graphene, lithium-ion capacitor, contact potential difference

CLC Number:

TK 02

Xiuxiun HAN, Shaoxin WEI, Jian WANG, Chaojie CUI, Weizhong QIAN. Preparation and Performance Analysis of High Performance Cathode Material Graphene-Mesoporous Carbon Composites for Lithium-Ion Capacitor[J]. Power Generation Technology, 2024, 45(3): 494-507.

Figures/Tables 17

Fig. 1 Morphology and structure characterization of MC powder and electrode

Fig. 2 Characterization of nitrogen adsorption and desorption for MC

Fig. 3 Morphology and structure characterization of GNH powder and electrode

Fig. 4 Characterization of nitrogen adsorption and desorption for GNH

Fig. 5 Morphology and structure characterization of GMC-x electrode

Fig. 6 CV curves of five electrode materials at 50 mV/s

Fig. 7 GCD curves of GMC-5/AF at different current densities

Fig. 8 Mass specific capacitance and linear weighted sum of five electrode materials at different current densities

Fig. 9 Capacitance retention ratio from 0.02 to 1 A/g

Fig. 10 Increment of capacitances relative to MC

Fig. 11 Difference values of specific capacitances between composites and linear weighted sum and its proportion

Fig. 12 Nyquist plots

Tab. 1 Fitting results of equivalent circuit

材料	R_o	R_ct	Q_ct/(×10^-7)	R_n	C_n	W_o
MC	3.875	20.770	19.000	2.686 00	0.040 00	37.390
GMC-2.5	2.916	12.270	8.588	0.317 15	0.754 41	23.290
GMC-5	2.729	9.688	9.970	0.339 80	0.708 23	21.860
GMC-10	2.712	7.582	11.270	0.360 23	0.628 54	17.400
GNH	2.495	3.197	247.000	4.582 00	0.178 00	7.087

Fig. 13 Comparison of energy density and power density per unit mass

Fig. 14 Cycling performance of GMC-5/AF and MC/AF

Fig. 15 Volume specific capacitance of five electrode materials at different current densities

Fig. 16 Comparison of energy density and power density per unit volume

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