Analysis of Energy, Exergy and Ecology Characteristics of Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cell

doi:10.12096/j.2096-4528.pgt.21040

Abstract

Abstract:

Phosphoric acid fuel cell (PAFC) has become one of the fastest growing commercial fuel cells due to its short start-up time, no pollution and simple structure. According to the first and second laws of thermodynamics, the energy, exergy and ecology performances of PAFC were studied. The mathematical expressions of electric efficiency, output power, exergy destruction rate, exergy efficiency, ecological function and ecological coefficient of performance for fuel cell were derived. Considering the trade-off between various optimization criteria, the optimal working area of PAFC under different performance parameters was obtained. Finally, the effects of some main operating conditions and design parameters on the performance of PAFC system were discussed in detail. This work considers the benefits and losses of energy from the perspective of protecting natural resources, and the results can provide some theoretical support for the design of high-performance PAFC system.

Key words: phosphoric acid fuel cell (PAFC), energy efficiency, exergy, ecology characteristics

CLC Number:

TK 02

Xinru GUO, Yumin GUO, Fang LUO, Jiangfeng WANG, Pan ZHAO. Analysis of Energy, Exergy and Ecology Characteristics of Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cell[J]. Power Generation Technology, 2022, 43(1): 73-82.

Figures/Tables 14

Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of PAFC system

Tab. 1 Thermodynamic parameters for H2, O2 and H2O

i	$Δ g^{0}$ /(J·mol^-1)	$Δ h^{0}$ /(J·mol^-1)	$Δ s^{0}$ /(J·mol^-1)	$C_{m}$ /(J·mol^-1·K^-1)	$L_{v}$ /(J·mol^-1)	$ε_{c h e m, i}^{0}$ /(J·mol^-1)
H₂(g)	0	0	131	27.28+0.003 26T+50 000/T²	—	236 090
O₂(g)	0	0	205	29.96+0.004 18T-167 000/T²	—	3 970
H₂O(g)	—	—	—	30.00+0.010 17T+33 000/T²	40 700	—
H₂O(l)	237 200	285 800	70	75.44	—	9 500

Tab. 1 Thermodynamic parameters for H2, O2 and H2O

i	$Δ g^{0}$ /(J·mol^-1)	$Δ h^{0}$ /(J·mol^-1)	$Δ s^{0}$ /(J·mol^-1)	$C_{m}$ /(J·mol^-1·K^-1)	$L_{v}$ /(J·mol^-1)	$ε_{c h e m, i}^{0}$ /(J·mol^-1)
H₂(g)	0	0	131	27.28+0.003 26T+50 000/T²	—	236 090
O₂(g)	0	0	205	29.96+0.004 18T-167 000/T²	—	3 970
H₂O(g)	—	—	—	30.00+0.010 17T+33 000/T²	40 700	—
H₂O(l)	237 200	285 800	70	75.44	—	9 500

Tab. 2 Parameters of PAFC system

参数	数值	参数	数值
F/(C·mol^-1)	96 485	$b$	0.000 03
R/(J·mol^-1·K^-1)	8.314	$c$	0.000 8
$n_{e}$	2	α	0.5
p/Pa	101 325	j₀/(A·m^-2)	0.06
T/K	453	t_ele/m	0.002
T₀/K	298	A/m²	0.001 5

Tab. 2 Parameters of PAFC system

参数	数值	参数	数值
F/(C·mol^-1)	96 485	$b$	0.000 03
R/(J·mol^-1·K^-1)	8.314	$c$	0.000 8
$n_{e}$	2	α	0.5
p/Pa	101 325	j₀/(A·m^-2)	0.06
T/K	453	t_ele/m	0.002
T₀/K	298	A/m²	0.001 5

Fig. 2 Change curves of Erev, Econ, Eact, Eohm and U with j

Fig. 3 Energy, exergy and ecology performances of PAFC

Tab. 3 Comparison of some key performance parameters

i	$η_{i}$ /%	$Ω_{i}^{*}$ /(W·m^-2)	$φ_{i}^{}$ /%	$ϕ_{i}^{}$ /%
增率/%	29.3	-55.1	29.1	66.7
P	43.7	7 629.1	44.4	1.2
E	56.5	3 425.5	57.3	2.0

Tab. 3 Comparison of some key performance parameters

i	$η_{i}$ /%	$Ω_{i}^{*}$ /(W·m^-2)	$φ_{i}^{}$ /%	$ϕ_{i}^{}$ /%
增率/%	29.3	-55.1	29.1	66.7
P	43.7	7 629.1	44.4	1.2
E	56.5	3 425.5	57.3	2.0

Fig. 4 Variations of exergy efficiency and ecology function densitywith power density

Fig. 5 Effect of working temperature T on output voltage U

Fig. 7 Effect of operating pressure p on reversible potential Erev

Fig. 8 Effect of operating pressure p on output power density, exergy efficiency andecology function density

Fig. 9 Effect of electrolyte thickness tele on output power density, exergy efficiency andecology function density

Fig. 10 Effect of exchange current density j0 on activation overpotential Eact

Fig. 11 Effect of exchange current density j0 on output power density, exergy efficiency and ecology function density

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