The Analysis of 2021 Texas' Rotating Blackout Incident and Its Enlightenment to the Reform of China Power Grid

doi:10.12096/j.2096-4528.pgt.21027

Abstract

Abstract:

On February 15 and 16, 2021, a winter storm swept across Texas, causing a destroying rotating blackout. The blackout has affected about 4.5 million residents, and the price on spot power market soared sharply, resulting in a great damage on the economic and social order. On February 24, the Electric Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT) released its first report of the blackout incident. Based on the report, a brief overview of Texas power grid and the development process of the whole blackout event were introduced firstly. Then, this paper analyzed the causes in detail. Finally, some suggestions on how to construct China power gird with the goal of achieving "carbon peak, carbon neutral" were proposed.

Key words: power grid, Texas' rotating blackout, new energy power generation, incident analysis, power market

CLC Number:

TM72

Xiwu LENG. The Analysis of 2021 Texas' Rotating Blackout Incident and Its Enlightenment to the Reform of China Power Grid[J]. Power Generation Technology, 2021, 42(2): 151-159.

Figures/Tables 7

Fig.1 Power supply of Texas power grid before the accident

Tab. 1 EEA classification and trigger conditions

能源紧急警报	触发条件
EEA1	运行备用低于2 300 MW，且预期无法在30 min内恢复
EEA2	运行备用低于1 750 MW，且预期无法在30 min内恢复；或频率低于59.91 Hz时间达15 min
EEA2	运行备用低于1 000 MW，且预期无法在30 min内恢复；或频率低于59.91 Hz达30 min

Fig.2 Event sequence and system frequency change in accident process

Fig.3 Load shedding from February 14 to 20 in Texas

Fig.4 Trend of real time market price in Texas power market from February 10 to 16

Fig.5 Load forecast and actual load after power restriction in Texas from February 14 to 17

Fig.6 Generation capacity out by fuel type

References 21

1	ERCOT. Review of February 2021 extreme cold weather event[R/OL]. (2021-02-24)[2021-03-21]. http://www.ercot.com/content/wcm/key_documents_lists/225373/Urgent_Board_of_Directors_Meeting_2-24-2021.pdf.
2	DOE. Extreme cold and winter weather update #1[R/OL]. [2021-03-21]. https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2021/02/f82/TLP-WHITE_DOE%20Situation%20Update_Cold%20%20Winter%20Weather_%231.pdf.
3	DOE. Extreme cold and winter weather update #2[R/OL]. [2021-03-21]. https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2021/02/f82/TLP-WHITE_DOE%20Situation%20Update_Cold%20%20Winter%20Weather_%20Report%20%232%20FIN.pdf.
4	DOE. Extreme cold and winter weather update #3[R/OL]. [2021-03-21]. https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2021/02/f82/TLP-WHITE_DOE%20Situation%20Update_Cold%20%20Winter%20Weather_%233.pdf.
5	DOE. Extreme cold and winter weather update #4[R/OL]. [2021-03-21]. https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2021/02/f82/TLP-WHITE_DOE%20Situation%20Update_Cold%20%20Winter%20Weather_%234%20.pdf.
6	DOE. Extreme cold and winter weather update #5[R/OL]. [2021-03-21]. https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2021/02/f83/TLP-WHITE_DOE%20Situation%20Update_Cold%20%20Winter%20Weather_Sit%20Rep%20%235%20.pdf.
7	DOE. Extreme cold and winter weather update #6[R/OL]. [2021-03-21]. https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2021/02/f83/TLP-WHITE_DOE%20Situation%20Update_Cold%20%20Winter%20Weather_%236.pdf.
8	中国争取2060年实现碳中和[EB/OL]. (2020-09-23)[2021-03-21]. http://www.tanpaifang.com/tanzhonghe/2020/0923/74144.html.
	China strives to achieve carbon neutrality by 2060[EB/OL]. http://www.tanpaifang.com/tanzhonghe/2020/0923/74144.html.
9	何青, 高效, 张文月, 等. 美国德州电力市场零售电价套餐体系及启示[J]. 供用电, 2018, 35 (12): 50- 55.
	HE Q , GAO X , ZHANG W Y , et al. The retail electricity price package system of Texas electricity market in the USA and its revelation[J]. Distribution & Utilization, 2018, 35 (12): 50- 55.
10	国网能源研究院有限公司. 2020国内外电力市场化改革分析报告[M]. 北京: 中国电力出版社, 2020: 16-23.
	State Grid Energy Research Institute Co., Ltd. 2020 Analysis report of domestic and foreign electricity market reform[M]. Beijing: China Electric Power Press, 2020: 16-23.
11	IMM for ERCOT. 2019 state of the market report for the ERCOT electricity markets[R]. Texas: IMM for ERCOT, 2020.
12	邓雪. 美国德州输配电价机制政策与实践[J]. 电力技术经济, 2007, 19 (1): 37- 41.
	DENG X . Regulation of transmission and distribution charges and utility practice in Texas USA[J]. Electric Power Technologic Economics, 2007, 19 (1): 37- 41.
13	惠海龙, 于兴斌, 李永刚. 美国德州电力市场综述[R]. 广州: 南方能源观察, 2014.
	HUI H L, YU X B, LI Y G. Overview of Texas electricity market[R]. Guangzhou: EO, 2014.
14	王宣元, 马莉, 曲昊源. 美国得克萨斯州风电消纳的市场运行机制及启示[J]. 中国电力, 2017, 50 (7): 10- 18, 27.
	WANG X Y , MA L , QU H Y . Market mechanisms for wind generation in ERCOT market and the inspiration for China[J]. Electric Power, 2017, 50 (7): 10- 18, 27.
15	刘泽扬, 荆朝霞. 美国得州2·15停电初步分析及其对我国电力市场建设的启示[J]. 发电技术, 2021, 42 (1): 131- 139.
	LIU Z Y , JING Z X . Preliminary analysis of the 2·15 power outage in Texas, U.S. and its enlightenment to the construction of China's electricity market[J]. Power Generation Technology, 2021, 42 (1): 131- 139.
16	ERCOT. ERCOT energy emergency alert communications matrix[R/OL]. [2021-03-21]. http://www.ercot.com/content/wcm/lists/226525/ERCOT_Energy_Emergency_Alert_Communications_Matrix_October_2020.pdf.
17	孙华东, 许涛, 郭强, 等. 英国"8·9"大停电事故分析及对中国电网的启示[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2019, 39 (21): 6183- 6192.
	SUN H D , XU T , GUO Q , et al. Analysis on blackout in Great Britain power grid on August 9th, 2019 and its enlightenment to power grid in China[J]. Proceedings of the CSEE, 2019, 39 (21): 6183- 6192.
18	何剑, 屠竞哲, 孙为民, 等. 美国加州"8·14"、"8·15"停电事件初步分析及启示[J]. 电网技术, 2020, 44 (12): 4471- 4478.
	HE J , TU J Z , SUN W M , et al. Preliminary analysis and lessons of California power outage events on August 14 and 15, 2020[J]. Power System Technology, 2020, 44 (12): 4471- 4478.
19	胡秦然, 丁昊晖, 陈心宜, 等. 美国加州2020年轮流停电事故分析及其对中国电网的启示[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2020, 44 (24): 11- 18.
	HU Q R , DING H H , CHEN X Y , et al. Analysis on rotating power outage in California, USA in 2020 and its enlightenment to power grid of China[J]. Automation of Electric Power Systems, 2020, 44 (24): 11- 18.
20	印永华, 郭剑波, 赵建军, 等. 美加"8×14"大停电事故初步分析以及应吸取的教训[J]. 电网技术, 2003, 27 (10): 8- 11.
	YIN Y H , GUO J B , ZHAO J J , et al. Preliminary analysis of largescale blackout in interconnected North America power grid on August 14 and lessons to be drawn[J]. Power System Technology, 2003, 27 (10): 8- 11.
21	黄晓勇. 世界能源蓝皮书: 世界能源发展报告(2018)[R]. 北京: 社会科学文献出版社, 2018.
	HUANG X Y. Blue book of world energy: Annual development report on world energy(2018)[R]. Beijing: Social Sciences Academic Press, 2018.

[1]	Yeqing ZHANG, Wenbin CHEN, Lüjun XU, Xingwen JIANG. Multi-Virtual Power Plant-Oriented Dynamic Aggregation Control Strategy Based on Hierarchical Partition and Multi-Layer Complementation [J]. Power Generation Technology, 2024, 45(1): 162-169.
[2]	Chunhui LUO, Tonghua ZOU, QU Gangju, Tao TANG. A Planning Method for Anti-disaster Backbone Grid Considering Economy and Reliability [J]. Power Generation Technology, 2023, 44(3): 425-430.
[3]	Chen DONG, Qiang WU, He HUANG, Rui ZHANG, Xiuyuan YANG. Power Grid Topology Identification Based on Immune Algorithm [J]. Power Generation Technology, 2023, 44(1): 125-135.
[4]	Fujian CHI, Kuo SUN, Zhang ZHANG, Yuan ZHANG, Qian WU. Implementation of Core Algorithm of Electrical Calculation in Grid Planning System [J]. Power Generation Technology, 2022, 43(6): 860-868.
[5]	Qiyao ZUO, Zhen TANG, Huiyong LI, Ying ZHANG, Jiangfeng WANG. Overview on the Current Situation of Steam Turbine Low-Pressure Cylinder Zero-Output Technology Under Background of Power Grid Peak Regulation [J]. Power Generation Technology, 2022, 43(4): 645-654.
[6]	Geng LU, Jing DENG, Yuhong WANG, Jing CAO, Yunfeng YUE. Analysis of Power System Affected by Extreme Weather and Its Adaptive Strategy [J]. Power Generation Technology, 2021, 42(6): 751-764.
[7]	Tongyan ZHANG, Fei TANG, Qingfen LIAO, Xin GAO. Regional Power Grid Planning Method Considering Hydropower Transmission and Load Center Function Properties [J]. Power Generation Technology, 2021, 42(6): 741-750.
[8]	Jingyi TANG, Shuai CHU, Weichun GE, Yinxuan LI, Chuang LIU. Difference Between Electrode Electric Heating and Traditional Heating and Its Application Prospect in Carbon Neutrality [J]. Power Generation Technology, 2021, 42(5): 525-536.
[9]	Jianhua ZHU, Zhenqing LI, Lichang XU. Modal Identification and Analysis of Photovoltaic Converter Based on Random Subspace [J]. Power Generation Technology, 2021, 42(2): 201-206.
[10]	Jiaxin WEN, Siqi BU, Qiyu CHEN, Bowen ZHOU. Data Learning-based Frequency Risk Assessment in a High-penetrated Renewable Power System [J]. Power Generation Technology, 2021, 42(1): 40-47.
[11]	Wei FANG,Bo ZENG,Fuqiang XU,Jianhua ZHANG. Evaluation on Load Restoration of Distribution System Based on Distributed Generation in Smart Buildings After Extreme Disasters [J]. Power Generation Technology, 2019, 40(5): 440-447.
[12]	Jiaqing LIU,Zheng XU. The Situation, Problems and Challenges of Large Power Grid Operation and Control [J]. Power Generation Technology, 2018, 39(6): 493-498.
[13]	Junliang WANG,Yong LI,Jianshe LI,Qiyu CHEN. Research of Safety Risk Impact and Management Controls of Electric Vehicle Charging on Power Grid [J]. Power Generation Technology, 2018, 39(5): 405-411.