熔盐储热罐预热过程热-流-固多物理场耦合数值模拟研究

发电技术

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熔盐储热罐预热过程热-流-固多物理场耦合数值模拟研究

康海龙^1，3，严志远²，郭曦^4*，高明⁴，崔琳⁴，张志强^1，3

1.甘肃龙源新能源有限公司，甘肃省酒泉市 735000；2.国能南京电力试验研究有限公司，江苏省南京市 210000；3.龙源（敦煌）新能源发展有限公司，甘肃省酒泉市 735000；4.山东大学核科学与能源动力学院，山东省济南市 250061

基金资助:
山东省重点研发计划项目(2022CXPT034)。

Numerical Simulation of Thermal-Fluid-Solid Multiphysics Coupling during Preheating Process of Molten Salt Thermal Storage Tank

KANG Hailong^1,3, YAN Zhiyuan², GUO Xi^4*, GAO Ming⁴, CUI Lin⁴, ZHANG Zhiqiang^1,3

1.Gansu Longyuan New Energy Co., Ltd., Jiuquan 735000, Gansu Province, China; 2.China Energy Nanjing Electric Power Test & Research Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210000, Jiangsu Province, China; 3.Longyuan (Dunhuang) New Energy Development Co., Ltd., Jiuquan 735000, Gansu Province, China; 4.School of Nuclear Science, Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, Shandong Province, China

Supported by:
Project Supported by Key R&D Program of Shandong Province (2022CXPT034).

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】熔盐储罐预热是保障中高温热能系统安全启动的关键环节，不当预热易诱发结构热应力失效、熔盐凝固阻塞及能耗过高问题。为此，开展了熔盐储罐预热过程的数值模拟研究，以期为工程实践提供安全、高效、均匀的预热方案与设计指导。【方法】以13 000 m3的大型熔盐储罐为研究对象，建立了储罐三维热-流-固多物理场耦合模型，基于重整化群(renormalization group，RNG) k-ε湍流模型及瞬态热应力方程，研究了入口流量、预热温差和喷射角度对预热过程的影响机制。【结果】增大入口流量与预热温差有利于缩短升温时间，而喷射角度对温度均匀性影响较小。当入口流量为48.6 kg/s、预热温差为150 ℃时，罐体平均温度升高至380 ℃需要235 h，罐内最大温差可控制在45 ℃内；将预热温差提升至200 ℃，可缩短升温时间至176 h，但罐内最大温差增加到58 ℃。除进口管道外，最大热应力集中于罐底受热冲击区，当预热温差为150 ℃时，最大热应力为133 MPa，尚能满足储罐材料许用应力要求；但当预热温差增加到200 ℃时，最大热应力已超出储罐材料许用应力要求。【结论】通过高精度数值模拟揭示了预热参数与多物理场演变的定量关联，为熔盐储罐安全高效预热提供了设计依据与优化路径。

关键词: 太阳能发电, 熔盐储热, 传热, 预热过程, 数值仿真, 应力分析

Abstract: [Objectives]　The preheating of molten salt storage tanks is a critical step for ensuring the safe startup of medium- and high-temperature thermal energy systems, and improper preheating can easily induce structural thermal stress failure, molten salt solidification and blockage, and excessive energy consumption. Therefore, a numerical simulation of the preheating process of molten salt storage tanks is conducted, aiming to provide safe, efficient, and uniform preheating schemes and design guidance for engineering practice. [Methods]　Taking a large-scale molten salt storage tank with a volume of 13 000 m3 as the research object, a three-dimensional thermal-fluid-solid multiphysics coupling model of the storage tank is established. Based on the renormalization group (RNG) k-ε turbulence model and transient thermal stress equations, the influence mechanisms of inlet flow rate, preheating temperature difference, and jet angle on the preheating process are investigated.[Results]　Increasing the inlet flow rate and preheating temperature difference is conducive to shortening the heating time, while the jet angle has a minor impact on temperature uniformity. When the inlet flow rate is 48.6 kg/s and the preheating temperature difference is 150 ℃, it takes 235 h for the average tank temperature to reach 380 ℃, and the maximum temperature difference inside the tank is controlled within 45 ℃. Increasing the preheating temperature difference to 200 ℃ shortens the heating time to 176 h, but the maximum temperature difference inside the tank increases to 58 ℃. Apart from the inlet pipeline, the maximum thermal stress is concentrated in the thermal impact zone at the tank bottom. When the preheating temperature difference is 150 ℃, the maximum thermal stress is 133 MPa, which still meets the allowable stress requirements of the tank material. However, when the preheating temperature difference increases to 200 ℃, the maximum thermal stress exceeds the allowable stress requirements of the tank material.[Conclusions]　Through high-precision numerical simulation, the quantitative correlation between preheating parameters and multiphysics field evolution is revealed, providing a design basis and optimization pathways for the safe and efficient preheating of molten salt storage tanks.

Key words: ">">solar power generation, molten salt thermal storage, heat transfer, preheating process, numerical simulation, stress analysis

康海龙, 严志远, 郭曦, 高明, 崔琳, 张志强. 熔盐储热罐预热过程热-流-固多物理场耦合数值模拟研究[J]. 发电技术.

KANG Hailong, YAN Zhiyuan, GUO Xi, GAO Ming, CUI Lin, ZHANG Zhiqiang. Numerical Simulation of Thermal-Fluid-Solid Multiphysics Coupling during Preheating Process of Molten Salt Thermal Storage Tank[J]. Power Generation Technology.

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