基于刷丝束叉排管束模型的透平机械刷式密封泄漏流动特性和封严机理研究

doi:10.12096/j.2096-4528.pgt.24098

发电技术 ›› 2024, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (5): 826-837.DOI: 10.12096/j.2096-4528.pgt.24098

• 燃气轮机发电技术 • 上一篇

基于刷丝束叉排管束模型的透平机械刷式密封泄漏流动特性和封严机理研究

宋鹏飞¹, 屈杰¹^,²^,³, 高庆²^,³, 李志刚¹, 李军¹

^1.西安交通大学叶轮机械研究所，陕西省西安市 710049
^2.西安热工研究院有限公司，陕西省西安市 710054
^3.高效灵活煤电及碳捕集利用封存全国重点实验室，北京市;昌平区 102206

收稿日期:2024-06-03 修回日期:2024-08-26 出版日期:2024-10-31 发布日期:2024-10-29
作者简介:宋鹏飞(1998)，男，博士研究生，研究方向为透平机械刷式密封技术，307836984@qq.com;
李军(1971)，男，博士，教授，研究方向为透平机械密封技术、气动热力学与传热冷却、超临界CO2透平技术，本文通信作者，junli@mail.xjtu.edu.cn。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(52376029)

Investigations on the Leakage Flow Characteristics and Sealing Mechanism of Turbomachinery Brush Seals Using Bristle Pack Staggered Tube Bundle Model

Pengfei SONG¹, Jie QU¹^,²^,³, Qing GAO²^,³, Zhigang LI¹, Jun LI¹

^1.Institute of Turbomachinery, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710049, Shaanxi Province, China
^2.Xi’an Thermal Power Research Institute Co. , Ltd. , Xi’an 710054, Shaanxi Province, China
^3.National Key Laboratory of Efficient Coal Electricity and Carbon Capture Utilization and Storage, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China

Received:2024-06-03 Revised:2024-08-26 Published:2024-10-31 Online:2024-10-29
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(52376029)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的为获得刷式密封的精细化泄漏流动特性，并揭示其封严机理，建立基于刷丝束叉排管束模型的刷式密封泄漏流动特性数学模型。方法数值求解三维雷诺平均纳维-斯托克斯(Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes，RANS)方程和剪切应力输运(shear stress transport，SST) k-ω湍流模型，研究刷式密封泄漏量和刷丝束间隙的流动特性。数值模拟获得的泄漏量和压力分布与实验数据吻合一致，验证了数值方法的可靠性。获得了4种压比和转速下的刷式密封泄漏量和刷丝束间的泄漏流动曲线。结果随着进出口总静压比的增大，刷丝束内部开始出现细小漩涡并逐渐发展，对泄漏流的阻碍作用变大，刷式密封泄漏量增大的趋势逐渐减缓，最后一排刷丝承受的压差占比从13.1%增加至26.3%。结论在所研究的转速范围内，转速对刷式密封的泄漏量的影响可以忽略。压比不同时，泄漏流在末排刷丝与后夹板间隙处的径向流动与围栏高度处轴向流动强度存在差异，导致后夹板下方涡系结构不同，通过刷丝束间精细化泄漏流动分析，揭示了刷式密封的封严机理。研究结果可为三维叉排管束模型在刷式密封泄漏流动研究中的应用提供参考。

关键词: 透平机械, 刷式密封, 刷丝束, 叉排管束模型, 泄漏流动, 密封机理

Abstract:

Objectives In order to obtain the refined leakage flow of brush seal and reveal its sealing mechanism, the mathematical model of the leakage flow characteristics of brush seals based on the bristle pack staggered tube bundle model was established. Methods The leakage flow rate and characteristics inside the bristle pack of brush seal were investigated by numerical solution of Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) and shear stress transport (SST) k-ω turbulence model. The leakage and pressure distribution obtained by numerical simulation agrees well with the experimental data, which verifies the reliability of the numerical method. The leakage flow rate and characteristics inside the bristle pack of brush seal was analyzed at four kinds of pressure ratios and rotational speeds. Results With the increase of pressure ratio, tiny vortex begins to appear inside the bristle pack and gradually develops. The obstruction effect on the leakage flow becomes larger, which slows down the trend of leakage increment with the pressure ratio. In addition, the pressure drop of the last row of bristle accounting for the overall pressure differential increases from 13.1% to 26.3%. Conclusions In the studied range of rotational speed, the influence of rotational speed on the leakage of brush seal can be ignored. When the pressure ratio is different, the difference in the radial flow strength of the leakage flow in the gap between the last row of bristle and the backing plate and the axial flow strength at the fence height will lead to the difference in the vortex system structure under the backing plate. The sealing mechanism of the brush seal was revealed using the refined leakage flow inside the bristle pack. The research results can provide reference for the leakage flow analysis of brush seal using three-dimensional staggered tube bundle model.

Key words: turbomachinery, brush seal, bristle pack, staggered tube bundle model, leakage flow, sealing mechanism

中图分类号:

TK 14

宋鹏飞, 屈杰, 高庆, 李志刚, 李军. 基于刷丝束叉排管束模型的透平机械刷式密封泄漏流动特性和封严机理研究[J]. 发电技术, 2024, 45(5): 826-837.

Pengfei SONG, Jie QU, Qing GAO, Zhigang LI, Jun LI. Investigations on the Leakage Flow Characteristics and Sealing Mechanism of Turbomachinery Brush Seals Using Bristle Pack Staggered Tube Bundle Model[J]. Power Generation Technology, 2024, 45(5): 826-837.

图/表 18

图1 未加载刷丝束截面照片

Fig. 1 Screenshot of the unloaded bristle pack

图2 不同截面下刷丝排布形式

Fig. 2 Bristle arrangement under different sections

图3 刷式密封计算域

Fig. 3 Computational domain of the brush seal

表1 刷式密封几何参数

Tab. 1 Main geometric parameters of the brush seal

结构参数	数值
转子直径D/mm	121.76
前夹板内径D_fp，in/mm	142.40
总外径D_out/mm	151.71
刷丝束厚度w/mm	0.672
前夹板厚度w_fp/mm	1.625
后夹板厚度w_bp/mm	1.625
刷丝直径d/mm	0.076 2
围栏高度H_F/mm	1.4
刷丝间隙δ/mm	0.007
刷丝倾斜角 $ϕ$ /(°)	45

表1 刷式密封几何参数

Tab. 1 Main geometric parameters of the brush seal

结构参数	数值
转子直径D/mm	121.76
前夹板内径D_fp，in/mm	142.40
总外径D_out/mm	151.71
刷丝束厚度w/mm	0.672
前夹板厚度w_fp/mm	1.625
后夹板厚度w_bp/mm	1.625
刷丝直径d/mm	0.076 2
围栏高度H_F/mm	1.4
刷丝间隙δ/mm	0.007
刷丝倾斜角 $ϕ$ /(°)	45

图4 刷式密封结构化网格

Fig. 4 Schematic of the mesh for the brush seal

图5 不同网格数量下刷式密封泄漏量

Fig. 5 Leakage flow rate for different grid numbers

图6 刷式密封结构化网格拓扑结构及节点分布

Fig. 6 Topology and node distribution of multiblock structured grid for brush seal

表2 数值模拟边界条件

Tab. 2 Boundary conditions of numerical simulation

参数	数值
进口压力/kPa	150，200，250，300
出口压力/kPa	100
进口温度/K	293.15
转速/(r∙min^-1)	0，3 000，6 000，9 000

图7 刷丝尖端压力轴向分布

Fig. 7 Axial pressure distribution under the bristle tips

图8 后夹板压力径向分布

Fig. 8 Radial pressure distribution along the backing plate

图9 刷式密封泄漏量随压比和转速的变化曲线

Fig. 9 Leakage flow rate of brush seal versus pressure ratios and rotational speeds

图10 流动参数沿轴向的变化

Fig. 10 Flow property distribution along the axial direction

图11 轴向-周向截面内静压分布云图 (1/2HF)

Fig. 11 Static pressure contours in axial-circumferential plane (1/2HF)

图12 轴向-周向截面内轴向速度及流线分布云图(1/2HF)

Fig. 12 Axial velocity contours and streamline distribution in axial-circumferential plane (1/2HF)

图13 轴向-径向截面内静压分布云图

Fig. 13 Static pressure contours in axial-radial plane

图14 轴向-径向截面内轴向速度及流线分布云图

Fig. 14 Axial velocity contours and streamline distribution in axial-radial plane

图15 围栏高度区域三维流线分布

Fig. 15 3D streamline distribution at fence height region

图16 转轴表面三维流线分布(Rp=3.0)

Fig. 16 3D streamline distribution on rotor surface (Rp=3.0)

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基于刷丝束叉排管束模型的透平机械刷式密封泄漏流动特性和封严机理研究

Investigations on the Leakage Flow Characteristics and Sealing Mechanism of Turbomachinery Brush Seals Using Bristle Pack Staggered Tube Bundle Model

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