内冷蒸发腔式太阳能集热器的设计与实验分析

doi:10.12096/j.2096-4528.pgt.21018

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

太阳能是一种绿色清洁能源，高效利用太阳能是绿色发展的重要举措。为高效利用太阳能，设计并制造了一种内冷蒸发腔式太阳能集热器，将线聚焦菲涅尔透镜和复合抛物面聚光器组合成为多级聚光器，并利用内冷式蒸发腔作为接收器。提出了一种复合抛物面聚光器的设计方法，通过光学仿真和实验验证了多级聚光器设计的准确性和太阳能集热器的可靠性。仿真和实验结果表明：根据所提出的方法设计的复合抛物面聚光器可以高效聚光，光学效率达到78.42%；太阳能集热器在有透明塑料盖板密封的实验中，其热效率可以达到98.94%，能够高效吸收太阳辐射能和温室内的空气热量。

关键词: 内冷式蒸发腔, 太阳能集热器, 线聚焦菲涅尔透镜, 复合抛物面聚光器

Abstract:

As a kind of green and clean energy, solar energy plays a significant role in green development. To use the solar energy efficiently, a solar collector with an inner-cooling vapor chamber was designed and manufactured. The solar collector consists of the inner-cooling vapor chamber which is used as the receiver, and the multi-stage concentrator which is combined the line-focus Fresnel lens (LFL) and the compound parabolic concentrator (CPC). In addition, the designing method of the compound parabolic concentrator was proposed, its accuracy and the reliability of the solar collector were verified through the optical simulation and experiments. The results of optical simulations and experiments show that the compound parabolic concentrator manufactured according to the designing method proposed in this paper can concentrate the sunlight efficiently, with an optical efficiency of 78.42%. In the experiments where the solar collector is sealed with a transparent plastic cover, the inner-cooling vapor chamber solar collector can efficiently absorb the radiated solar energy and the air heat in the greenhouse with a high thermal efficiency of 98.94%.

Key words: inner-cooling vapor chamber, solar collector, liner-focus Fresnel lens, compound parabolic concentrator

中图分类号:

TK513

罗玉浩, 吴国栋, 唐奕凡, 白鹏飞, 周国富. 内冷蒸发腔式太阳能集热器的设计与实验分析[J]. 发电技术, 2021, 42(6): 715-726.

Yuhao LUO, Guodong WU, Yifan TANG, Pengfei BAI, Guofu ZHOU. Design and Experimental Analysis of Inner-Cooling Vapor Chamber Solar Collector[J]. Power Generation Technology, 2021, 42(6): 715-726.

图/表 11

表1 线聚焦菲涅尔透镜参数

Tab. 1 Parameters of line-focus Fresnel lens

参数	数值
尺寸/(mm×mm)	550×275
焦距/mm	500
纹距/mm	0.5
厚度/mm	3
透光率/%	92

图1 线聚焦菲涅尔透镜光学成像原理图

Fig.1 Optical imaging principle diagram of line-focus Fresnel lens

图2 太阳入射角与各参数的关系

Fig.2 Relationship between solar incident angle and various parameters

图3 复合抛物面聚光器光学设计

Fig.3 Optical design of CPC

图4 光路仿真示意图

Fig.4 Schematic diagram of light path simulation

图5 不同太阳纬度角的光斑分布辐照图

Fig.5 Irradiation map of spot distribution at different solar latitude angles

表2 内冷式蒸发腔主要参数

Tab. 2 Parameters of inner-cooling vapor chamber

参数	数值
长度/mm	100
宽度/mm	100
高度/mm	11
侧壁厚度/mm	3.5
顶面厚度/mm	1
底面厚度/mm	1
多孔结构	由烧结铜粉制成
工作介质	去离子水
冷却介质	去离子水
材料	紫铜
冷却方式	内嵌式水冷
冷却水管直径/mm	6
冷却水管长度/mm	394
导热系数/[W/(m²∙K)]	2000

图6 内冷式蒸发腔结构示意图

Fig.6 Schematic diagram of inner-cooling vapor chamber

图7 内冷蒸发腔式太阳能集热器实验平台

Fig.7 Experimental platform of inner-cooling vapor chamber solar collector

图8 太阳直射辐照度与进/出水口温度变化图

Fig.8 Variation graph of solar direct normal irradiance and temperature of water inlet/outlet

图9 太阳直射辐照度与集热器的热效率变化图

Fig.9 Variation graph of solar direct normal irradiance and thermal efficiency of collector

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