Structure Optimization and Experimental Study of PEDOT:PSS/Si Hybrid Solar Cells With SiNWs

doi:10.12096/j.2096-4528.pgt.22036

Abstract

Abstract:

The large length of silicon nanowires (SiNWs) leads to their good optical properties, which causes increasing losses in the electrical performance of solar cells. The SiNWs in PEDOT:PSS/Si hybrid solar cells were optimized by simulations and experiments, and the effects of surface recombination rate and series resistance caused by SiNWs length on the performance of solar cells were studied. The results show that with the increase of SiNWs length, the surface recombination mainly affects the open circuit voltage and has great influence on the performance of solar cells. Moreover, the series resistance mainly affects the filling factor and has little effect on the performance of solar cells. Experiments show that when the length of SiNWs is about 246 nm, the highest conversion efficiency (12.88%) of PEDOT:PSS/Si hybrid solar cells can be obtained. The research results can provide guidance for the design of Si-based solar cells with SiNWs.

Key words: silicon nanowires (SiNWs), PEDOT:PSS/Si hybrid solar cells, structure optimization

CLC Number:

TK 513

Zhongliang GAO, Qi GENG, Zhe WANG, Ting GAO, Yingfeng LI, Lei CHEN, Meicheng LI. Structure Optimization and Experimental Study of PEDOT:PSS/Si Hybrid Solar Cells With SiNWs[J]. Power Generation Technology, 2023, 44(5): 685-695.

Figures/Tables 19

Fig. 1 Structure and equivalent refractive index distribution of PEDOT:PSS/Si hybrid solar cell with SiNWs

Fig. 2 Relationship between equivalent refractive index and wavelength of SiNWs array under different f1

Fig. 3 Schematic diagram of structure and carrier transport process of PEDOT:PSS/Si hybrid solar cell with SiNWs

Tab. 1 Key parameters of PEDOT:PSS/Si hybrid solar cell simulation

组序号	SiNWs长度/nm	表面复合速率/(cm⋅s^-1)
1	1 000	0
	1 000	200
	1 000	400
	1 000	600
	1 000	800
	1 000	1 000
	1 000	1 200
	1 000	1 400
	1 000	1 600
	1 000	1 800
	1 000	2 000
2	0	0
	200	1 000
	400	1 000
	600	1 000
	800	1 000
	1 000	1 000
3	0	0
	200	0
	400	0
	600	0
	800	0
	1 000	0

Fig. 4 J-V curves of PEDOT:PSS/Si hybrid solar cell with SiNWs length of 1 000 nm at different surface recombination rates

Fig. 5 Variation of performance parameters of PEDOT:PSS/Si hybrid solar cell with surface recombination rates when SiNWs length is 1 000 nm

Tab. 2 Performance parameters of PEDOT:PSS/Si hybrid solar cell with different surface recombination rates

表面复合速率/(cm⋅s^-1)	短路电流密度/(mA⋅cm^-2)	开路电压/mV	填充因子/ %	转换效率/ %
0	33.24	579	80.26	15.45
200	32.95	537	74.34	13.15
400	32.65	516	71.87	12.11
600	32.36	509	69.06	11.37
800	32.07	495	67.98	10.79
1 000	31.78	488	66.43	10.30
1 200	31.50	481	65.19	9.88
1 400	31.22	474	64.19	9.50
1 600	30.95	467	63.38	9.16
1 800	30.67	460	62.70	8.84
2 000	30.40	460	61.20	8.56

Fig. 6 J-V curves of PEDOT:PSS/Si hybrid solar cell with different SiNWs lengths at the surface recombination rate of 1 000 cm/s

Fig. 7 Variation of performance parameters of PEDOT:PSS/Si hybrid solar cell with SiNWs lengths when the surface recombination rate is 1 000 cm/s

Tab. 3 Performance parameters of PEDOT:PSS/Si hybrid solar cell with different SiNWs lengths

SiNWs长度/nm	短路电流密度/ (mA⋅cm^-2)	开路电压/ mV	填充因子/ %	转换效率/ %
0	33.84	579	82.02	16.07
200	33.66	530	73.63	13.13
400	33.53	509	72.52	12.38
600	33.30	495	71.66	11.81
800	32.81	495	68.72	11.16
1 000	31.78	488	66.43	10.30

Fig. 8 J-V curves of PEDOT:PSS/Si hybrid solar cell without surface recombination under different SiNWs lengths

Fig. 9 Variation of performance parameters of PEDOT:PSS/Si hybrid solar cell with SiNWs lengths

Tab. 4 Performance parameters of PEDOT:PSS/Si hybrid solar cell without surface recombination under different SiNWs lengths

SiNWs长度/nm	短路电流密度/(mA⋅cm^-2)	开路电压/mV	填充因子/ %	转换效率/ %
0	33.84	579	82.02	16.07
200	33.70	579	82.06	16.01
400	33.64	579	81.80	15.93
600	33.47	579	80.64	15.63
800	33.47	579	80.64	15.63
1 000	33.24	579	80.26	15.45

Fig. 10 SEM images of contact interface of PEDOT:PSS/Si heterojunction with different SiNWs lengths

Fig. 11 Reflectance spectra of SiNWs array with different lengths

Fig. 12 Current and voltage output characteristics of PEDOT:PSS/Si hybrid solar cell with different SiNWs lengths

Tab. 5 Performance parameters of PEDOT:PSS/Si hybrid solar cell with different SiNWs lengths

SiNWs长度/nm	短路电流密度/(mA⋅cm^-2)	开路电压/ mV	填充因子/ %	转换效率/ %
0	27.17	593	72.07	11.61
246	31.16	572	72.27	12.88
371	31.38	558	70.52	12.71
617	32.55	551	64.27	11.53
938	33.98	544	53.22	9.83

Fig. 13 Spectral characteristics of PEDOT:PSS/Si hybrid solar cell with different SiNWs lengths

Fig. 14 Electrical output parameter distributions of six groups of PEDOT:PSS/Si hybrid solar cells with different SiNWs lengths

References 31

1	LIU R， LEE S T， SUN B ．13.8% efficiency hybrid Si/organic heterojunction solar cells with MoO₃ film as antireflection and inversion induced layer[J]．Advanced Materials，2014，26(34)：6007-6012． doi:10.1002/adma.201402076
2	WEI W R， TSAI M L， HO S T，et al ．Above-11%- efficiency organic-inorganic hybrid solar cells with omnidirectional harvesting characteristics by employing hierarchical photon-trapping structures[J]．Nano Letters，2013，13(8)：3658-3663． doi:10.1021/nl401540h
3	LIU Y， SUN N， LIU J，et al ．Integrating a silicon solar cell with a triboelectric nanogenerator via a mutual electrode for harvesting energy from sunlight and raindrops[J]．ACS Nano，2018，12(3)：2893-2899． doi:10.1021/acsnano.8b00416
4	GREEN M A ．Self-consistent optical parameters of intrinsic silicon at 300 K including temperature coefficients[J]．Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells，2008，92(11)：1305-1310． doi:10.1016/j.solmat.2008.06.009
5	GREEN M A， KEEVERS M J ．Optical properties of intrinsic silicon at 300 K[J]．Progress in Photovoltaics：Research and Applications，1995，3(3)：189-192． doi:10.1002/pip.4670030303
6	SCHINKE C， CHRISTIAN PEEST P， SCHMIDT J，et al ．Uncertainty analysis for the coefficient of band-to-band absorption of crystalline silicon[J]．AIP Advances，2015，5(6)：67168． doi:10.1063/1.4923379
7	KIM D R， LEE C H， RAO P M，et al ．Hybrid Si microwire and planar solar cells：passivation and characterization[J]．Nano Letters，2011，11(7)：2704-2708． doi:10.1021/nl2009636
8	WANG H P， LIN T Y， HSU C W，et al ．Realizing high-efficiency omnidirectional n-type Si solar cells via the hierarchical architecture concept with radial junctions[J]．ACS Nano，2013，7(10)：9325-9335． doi:10.1021/nn404015y
9	HE J， YANG Z， LIU P，et al ．Hybrid solar cells：enhanced electro-optical properties of nanocone/nanopillar dual-structured arrays for ultrathin silicon/organic hybrid solar cell applications[J]．Advanced Energy Materials，2016，6(8)：70048． doi:10.1002/aenm.201670048
10	WANG F， ZHANG X， WANG L，et al ．Pyramidal texturing of silicon surface via inorganic-organic hybrid alkaline liquor for heterojunction solar cells[J]．Journal of Power Sources，2015，293：698-705． doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2015.05.124
11	LIU R， SUN T， LIU J，et al ．Hybrid silicon honeycomb/organic solar cells with enhanced efficiency using surface etching[J]．Nanotechnology，2016，27(25)：254006． doi:10.1088/0957-4484/27/25/254006
12	JEONG S， GARNETT E C， WANG S，et al ．Hybrid silicon nanocone-polymer solar cells[J]．Nano Letters，2012，12(6)：2971-2976． doi:10.1021/nl300713x
13	PARK K T， KIM H J， PARK M J，et al ．13.2% efficiency Si nanowire/PEDOT：PSS hybrid solar cell using a transfer-imprinted Au mesh electrode[J]．Scientific Reports，2015，5：12093． doi:10.1038/srep12093
14	李英峰，张涛，张衡，等．太阳能光伏光热高效综合利用技术[J]．发电技术，2022，43(3)：373-391. doi:10.12096/j.2096-4528.pgt.22052
	LI Y F， ZHANG T， ZHANG H，et al ．Efficient and comprehensive photovoltaic/photothermal utilization technologies for solar energy[J]．Power Generation Technology，2022，43(3)：373-391． doi:10.12096/j.2096-4528.pgt.22052
15	ZHANG J， ZHANG Y， ZHANG F，et al ．Electrical characterization of inorganic-organic hybrid photovoltaic devices based on silicon-poly (3，4-ethylenedioxythiophene)：poly (styrenesulfonate)[J]．Applied Physics Letters，2013，102(1)：1991． doi:10.1063/1.4773368
16	HE L，RUSLI， JIANG C，et al ．Simple approach of fabricating high efficiency Si nanowire/conductive polymer hybrid solar cells[J]．IEEE Electron Device Letters，2011，32(10)：1406-1408． doi:10.1109/led.2011.2162222
17	LIANG Z， SU M， WANG H，et al ．Characteristics of a silicon nanowires/PEDOT：PSS heterojunction and its effect on the solar cell performance[J]．ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces，2015，7(10)：5830-5836． doi:10.1021/am508879b
18	DUAN Z， LI M， CHONTO T M ．Effective light absorption using the double-sided pyramid gratings for thin-film silicon solar cell[J]．Nanoscale Research Letters，2018，13(1)：192． doi:10.1186/s11671-018-2607-1
19	CHATTOPADHYAY S， HUANG Y F， JEN Y J，et al ．Anti-reflecting and photonic nanostructures[J]．Materials Science and Engineering，2010，69(1/2/3)：1-35． doi:10.1016/j.mser.2010.04.001
20	RAUT H K， GANESH V A， NAIR A S，et al ．Anti-reflective coatings：a critical，in-depth review[J]．Energy & Environmental Science，2011，4(10)：3779-3804． doi:10.1039/c1ee01297e
21	DUAN Z， LI M， MWENYA T，et al ．Effective light absorption and its enhancement factor for silicon nanowire-based solar cell[J]．Applied Optics，2016，55(1)：117-121． doi:10.1364/ao.55.000117
22	CHEN C W， HSIAO S Y， CHEN C Y，et al ．Optical properties of organometal halide perovskite thin films and general device structure design rules for perovskite single and tandem solar cells[J]．Journal of Materials Chemistry A，2015，3(17)：9152-9159． doi:10.1039/c4ta05237d
23	LI Y， LI M， SONG D，et al ．Broadband light-concentration with near-surface distribution by silver capped silicon nanowire for high-performance solar cells[J]．Nano Energy，2015，11：756-764． doi:10.1016/j.nanoen.2014.11.054
24	LI Y， LI M， LI R，et al ．Linear length-dependent light-harvesting ability of silicon nanowire[J]．Optics Communications，2015，355：6-9． doi:10.1016/j.optcom.2015.06.027
25	GAO Z， LIN G， ZHENG Y，et al ．Excellent light-capture capability of trilobal SiNW for ultra-high JSC in single-nanowire solar cells[J]．Photonics Research，2020，8(6)：995-1001． doi:10.1364/prj.385867
26	GAO Z， GAO T， CHEN Y，et al ．Silicon nanowire design for ultrahigh extinction by dipole near-field interaction in transparent solar cells[J]．The Journal of Physical Chemistry C，2021，125(7)：3781-3792． doi:10.1021/acs.jpcc.0c11588
27	GAO Z， GENG Q， WANG Z，et al ．Helical SiNW design with a dual-peak response for broadband scattering in translucent solar cells[J]．Materials Advances，2022，3(2)：953-961． doi:10.1039/d1ma00988e
28	岳晓鹏，赵兴，闫慧琳，等．基于SnO₂电子传输层的n-i-p型钙钛矿太阳能电池关键技术研究[J]．发电技术，2023，44(1)：63-77．
	YUE X P， ZHAO X， YAN H L，et al ．Research of key technologies for n-i-p perovskite solar cells with SnO₂ electron transport layer[J]．Power Generation Technology，2023，44(1)：63-77．
29	CHEN L， GAO Z， ZHENG Y，et al ．14.1% efficiency hybrid planar-Si/organic heterojunction solar cells with SnO₂ insertion layer[J]．Solar Energy，2018，174：549-555． doi:10.1016/j.solener.2018.09.035
30	GAO T， GENG Q， GAO Z，et al ．Improving junction quality via modifying the Si surface to enhance the performance of PEDOT：PSS/Si hybrid solar cells[J]．ACS Applied Energy Materials，2021，4(11)：12543-12551． doi:10.1021/acsaem.1c02338
31	GENG Q， WANG Z， GAO Z，et al ．Phase separation to improve the conductivity and work function of the PEDOT：PSS solution for silicon hybrid solar cells[J]．The Journal of Physical Chemistry C，2021，125(48)：26379-26388． doi:10.1021/acs.jpcc.1c08816