Abstract:

Objectives Developing future energy is both a current focus of international competition and an essential pathway for China to build a new-type energy system and advance Chinese-style modernization with high-quality development. Therefore, this study explores the categories, research status, and future development trends of energy technologies, aiming to provide references for research and policy making in related fields. Methods Based on reports from international authoritative institutions and data from typical global projects, multidimensional analysis methods are used to systematically introduce the global R&D status of green low-carbon power sources, bioenergy, synthetic hydrocarbon fuels, and hydrogen energy. Through the technology readiness level framework, combined with economic indicators, policy support, and commercial case studies, this study focuses on analyzing the key breakthroughs, application bottlenecks, and synergistic potential of different technological pathways, and establishes a systematic cross-technological roadmap for energy transition. Results Driven by technological advancements and policy support increase, the proportion of renewable energy in the power structure has significantly increased, accelerating the transition toward becoming the main power source. Additionally, the development of emerging technologies including bioenergy, hydrogen energy, synthetic hydrocarbon fuels, and controlled nuclear fusion will provide new solutions for energy transition. Conclusions The findings provide a scientific basis for promoting green and low-carbon energy transition, offering important references for researchers and policymakers in the energy field.

Key words: new-type energy system, energy transition, carbon neutrality, low-carbon, power generation technology, renewable energy, bioenergy, hydrogen energy, synthetic hydrocarbon fuels, controlled nuclear fusion