Electric Vehicle Charging Guidance Strategy Considering User Decision Preferences

doi:10.12096/j.2096-4528.pgt.260215

Abstract

Abstract:

Objectives During the electric vehicle (EV) charging guidance process, users have different preferences in selecting charging stations, resulting in different selection criteria, which affects their participation in optimal scheduling. Therefore, considering user habits in selecting charging stations and the conflicts of interest between users and charging aggregators, an EV charging guidance strategy that incorporates target charging station selection habits is proposed. Methods Self-organizing feature mapping (SOFM) is used for user profiling, and Shapley additive explanations (SHAP) are utilized to determine the optimal profiling results. Secondly, the entropy weight method is applied to determine the weights of time cost and economic cost for each type of user during the charging station selection process. Based on the weight results, user economic cost and time cost are normalized into user satisfaction. Then, users are guided to charge based on their user satisfaction. Results The example shows that compared with the shortest path The numerical example shows that compared with the shortest path algorithm, this strategy significantly improves user satisfaction in selecting charging stations and the profit per unit time of charging piles. Additionally, this strategy is less affected under different traffic conditions. Conclusions This strategy effectively addresses the impact of user charging decision preferences on charging guidance, which is of great significance for improving user charging benefits and reducing charging congestion.

Key words: electric vehicle (EV), decision preferences, user profiling, charging guidance, economic cost, time cost, satisfaction

CLC Number:

TK 01

Hengjie LI, Zunkang ZHANG, Yun ZHOU, Donghan FENG, Xiping MA. Electric Vehicle Charging Guidance Strategy Considering User Decision Preferences[J]. Power Generation Technology, 2026, 47(2): 383-394.

Figures/Tables 19

Fig. 1 EV user charging service platform

Fig. 2 Profiling flowchart

Fig. 3 Charging guidance flowchart

Tab. 1 Charging station information in test area

充电站编号	经度/(°)	纬度/(°)	快充桩数/个	充电功率/kW
1	121.435 761	31.030 488	4	120
2	121.437 324	31.024 187	3	120
3	121.438 716	31.032 043	6	120
4	121.442 952	31.032 809	3	120
5	121.445 364	31.027 119	15	120
6	121.446 612	31.036 348	6	120

Tab. 2 Historical data of some electric vehicles in test area

电动汽车编号	经度/(°)	纬度/(°)	平均时间成本/min	平均费用成本/元
1	121.444 817	31.037 233	10.57	52.93
2	121.444 861	31.037 296	48.13	51.55
3	121.444 613	31.036 693	47.97	41.24
4	121.453 379	31.037 606	63.17	50.86
5	121.453 878	31.037 655	62.22	49.49
6	121.453 588	31.036 732	49.07	53.61
7	121.447 221	31.039 355	37.12	51.55
8	121.454 439	31.034 745	39.00	48.80
9	121.445 932	31.038 703	41.15	54.30
10	121.447 353	31.039 620	30.22	43.30

Tab. 3 SHAP values of time cost and economic cost

成本类型	簇数
成本类型	3	4	5	6	7
时间成本SHAP值	0.523	0.702	0.516	0.516	0.516
费用成本SHAP值	0.477	0.298	0.484	0.484	0.484

Tab. 4 Profiling result information

用户类别	平均时间/min	平均费用/元	频数
A类用户	13.97	48.21	21
B类用户	22.24	45.31	24
C类用户	8.04	44.84	17
D类用户	11.15	53.27	18
E类用户	23.13	52.31	20

Fig. 4 Profiling results

Tab. 5 Weights of users’ charging station selection habits

用户类别	时间成本权重	费用成本权重	平均时间/min	平均费用/元
A类用户	0.556 3	0.443 7	13.97	48.21
B类用户	0.225 2	0.774 8	22.24	45.31
C类用户	0.525 3	0.474 7	8.04	44.84
D类用户	0.892 3	0.107 7	11.15	53.27
E类用户	0.563 2	0.436 8	23.13	52.31

Tab. 6 Thresholds of time cost and economic cost

指标	$κ m i n$	$κ m a x$
时间成本/min	0	240
价格成本/元	0	100

Tab. 6 Thresholds of time cost and economic cost

指标	$κ m i n$	$κ m a x$
时间成本/min	0	240
价格成本/元	0	100

Fig. 5 User satisfaction results

Tab. 7 User satisfaction under different strategies

策略	排队时间/h	行驶时长/h	充电费用/元	总体满意度
1	78.2	22.3	5 775.5	0.595
2	276.1	29.2	4 577.9	0.484
3	53.7	26.1	5 173.2	0.728

Tab. 8 Profit per unit time of charging stations under different strategies

策略	总服务时长/h	总费用/元	单位时间盈利/(元⋅h^-1)
1	185.2	5 775.5	31.2
2	345.6	4 577.9	13.2
3	123.5	5 173.2	41.9

Tab. 9 Guidance results under three typical scenarios

场景	满意度
场景	A类用户	B类用户	C类用户	D类用户	E类用户	总体
1	0.75	0.60	0.70	0.93	0.71	0.731
2	0.75	0.59	0.70	0.93	0.71	0.728
3	0.75	0.59	0.70	0.94	0.71	0.731

Fig. 6 Schematic diagram of geographical locations of charging stations and charging demand distribution in Pudong test area

Tab. 10 Profit per unit time of charging piles under different strategies

策略	总费用/元	充电桩总服务时间/h	充电桩单位时间盈利/(元⋅h^-1)	用户平均满意度
1	595 493.9	32 147	18.5	0.22
3	564 262.6	14 976	37.7	0.61

Fig. 7 Time cost eigenvalues for different cluster numbers

Fig. 8 Schematic diagram of charging guidance results under strategy 1

Fig. 9 Schematic diagram of charging guidance results under strategy 3

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