模具角度对核聚变用Bi-2212线材加工的影响

doi:10.12096/j.2096-4528.pgt.24088

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的随着稳态强磁场的快速发展，对超导磁体的性能及均匀性要求越来越严苛，导致目前生产的Bi₂Sr₂CaCu₂O _x (Bi-2212)高温超导线材的综合性能无法满足应用要求。为提升Bi-2212线材的性能及均匀性，实现综合性能更优异的超导线材制备，多芯线材的均匀加工技术至关重要。模具角度(简称“模角”)是线材的重要参数，为此，研究了不同模角对线材加工的影响。方法采用粉末装管法制备了多根Bi-2212线材，并使用半模角分别为3°、7°和14°的合金拉丝模具对这些线材进行加工。在实验过程中，对线材的微观结构、粉末硬度及超导物理性能进行了系统研究。结果采用较小模角加工的线材表现出更高的载流性能，特别是半模角为3°的样品，其载流性能是半模角为14°样品的1.56倍。大模角加工的线材出现芯丝断裂和银层破裂现象，导致性能下降，而小模角线材则能保持结构完整性。此外，模角的选择对线材的Ag/超导材料界面光滑度有显著影响，小模角线材的界面光滑度更优，进一步影响了超导芯丝的织构和线材的载流性能。结论较小的半模角有助于保持多芯Bi-2212线材芯丝的结构完整性，并通过改善织构来提高线材的载流性能。研究结果为制备高性能Bi-2212线材提供了工艺指导。

关键词: 核聚变, 稳态强磁场, 高温超导材料, 超导磁体, 粉末装管法, Bi-2212线材, 模角, 载流性能

Abstract:

Objectives With the rapid development of the steady high magnetic field, the requirements for the performance and uniformity of superconducting magnets have become increasingly stringent, resulting in the current Bi₂Sr₂CaCu₂O _x (Bi-2212) high-temperature superconducting wires failing to meet the application requirements in terms of comprehensive performance. In order to enhance the performance and uniformity of Bi-2212 superconducting wires and achieve the preparation of wires with superior comprehensive performance, the uniform processing technology for multi-core wires is of utmost importance. Die angle is an important parameter of the wire. Therefore, the influence of different die angles on the wire processing was studied. Methods Multiple Bi-2212 wires were prepared using the powder-in-tube method and processed with alloy drawing dies with half die angles of 3°, 7° and 14°, respectively. During the experiment, systematic investigations were conducted on the microstructure, powder hardness, and superconducting physical properties of the wires. Results The wires processed with smaller die angles show higher current-carrying capabilities, especially, the current-carrying capacity of the sample with a 3° half die angle is 1.56 times that of the sample with a 14° half die angle. The Wires processed with a large die angle show core wire fractures and silver layer ruptures, leading to decreased performance, while the wires with smaller die angles maintain structural integrity. Furthermore, the choice of die angle significantly affects the smoothness of the Ag/superconductor interface, with wires processed at smaller die angles demonstrating superior interface smoothness. This further influences the texture of the superconducting filaments and the current-carrying capacity of the wires. Conclusions Smaller half die angles help maintain the structural integrity of the multi-filament Bi-2212 wire cores and improve the current-carrying capacity by enhancing the texture. The research results provide process guidance for the preparation of high-performance Bi-2212 wires.

Key words: nuclear fusion, steady high magnetic field, high-temperature superconducting material, superconducting magnet, powder-in-tube method, Bi-2212 wire, die angle, current-carrying capacity

中图分类号:

TK 01

焦高峰, 郝清滨, 徐晓燕, 刘国庆, 刘学谦, 贾佳林, 张胜楠. 模具角度对核聚变用Bi-2212线材加工的影响[J]. 发电技术, 2024, 45(6): 1067-1073.

Gaofeng JIAO, Qingbin HAO, Xiaoyan XU, Guoqing LIU, Xueqian LIU, Jialin JIA, Shengnan ZHANG. Influence of Die Angle on Bi-2212 Wire Processing for Nuclear Fusion[J]. Power Generation Technology, 2024, 45(6): 1067-1073.

图/表 6

图1 不同半模角模具加工线材的单芯金相

Fig. 1 Single core metallography of wire processed by different semi die angle dies

图2 不同半模角模具加工线材的单芯粉体维氏硬度

Fig. 2 Single core Vickers hardness of wire processed by different semi die angle dies

图3 不同半模角模具加工线材的多芯纵向金相

Fig. 3 Multi-core lengthways metallography of wire processed by different semi die angle dies

图4 不同半模角模具加工线材的多芯金相

Fig. 4 Multi-core metallography of wire processed by different semi die angle dies

图5 线材拉拔加工时的受力模拟

Fig. 5 Force simulation during wire drawing

图6 不同模角加工的线材性能

Fig. 6 Wire properties processed at different die angles

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