面向锂电储能系统的本质安全电池智能隔膜材料

doi:10.12096/j.2096-4528.pgt.22098

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为实现“碳达峰、碳中和”目标，构建安全稳定、绿色低碳的现代化能源体系，锂离子电池作为一种典型的电化学储能器件备受关注。如何在新增装机规模不断扩大的情况下，保证电站安全平稳运行成为了首要问题。为此，从电芯材料角度出发，针对目前商业锂电池隔膜存在的问题，综述了近年来智能隔膜方面的工作，包括聚烯烃隔膜材料改性、新型智能化隔膜结构设计和耐高温聚合物材料开发，强调了开发高安全性隔膜材料的重要性。最后，对液态和固态电池隔膜的研究方向进行了展望，以期为进一步设计高安全性的储能材料提供参考。

关键词: 储能电站, 隔膜, 安全性, 锂离子电池, 热失控, 固态电解质

Abstract:

In order to achieve the goal of “carbon peak, carbon neutrality” and build a safe, stable, green and low-carbon modern energy system, lithium-ion batteries have attracted much attention as a typical electrochemical energy storage device. How to ensure the safe and stable operation of the power stations has become the primary issue with the scale of newly installed capacity expanding. Therefore, from the perspective of cell materials, aiming at the existing problems of commercial lithium battery separators, the work of intelligent separators in recent years was reviewed, including the modification of polyolefin separator materials, the design of new intelligent separator structures and the development of high temperature resistant polymer materials. The importance of developing high-safety separator materials was emphasized. Finally, the future research on separators of liquid and solid batteries was prospected, in order to provide a reference for further optimization and design of high-safety energy storage materials.

Key words: energy storage power station, separator, safety, lithium-ion battery, thermal runaway, solid electrolyte

中图分类号:

TK 02

闫帅帅, 陆洋, 侯文会, 刘凯. 面向锂电储能系统的本质安全电池智能隔膜材料[J]. 发电技术, 2022, 43(5): 792-800.

Shuaishuai YAN, Yang LU, Wenhui HOU, Kai LIU. Smart Separator Materials of Intrinsic Safe Lithium Battery for Large-scale Electric Energy Storge[J]. Power Generation Technology, 2022, 43(5): 792-800.

图/表 7

图1 TiO2接枝PE隔膜的制备过程

Fig. 1 Preparation process of TiO2-grafted PE separator

图2 使用不同隔膜情况下的锂金属沉积行为

Fig. 2 Li metal deposition behavior with different separators

图3 负载LiNO3添加剂隔膜的制备过程和工作原理

Fig. 3 Preparation process and working principle of separator loaded with LiNO3 additive

图4 负载石蜡@SiO2的电池隔膜的热响应机理

Fig. 4 Thermally-induced shutdown mechanism of battery separator loaded with paraffin@SiO2

图5 具有热触发阻燃特性的智能电纺隔膜

Fig. 5 Smart electrospun separator with thermal-triggered flame-retardant properties

图6 双功能隔膜实时检测电压

Fig. 6 Real-time voltage detection of bifunctional separator

图7 PBI和Celgard2400在高温下的热收缩行为

Fig. 7 Thermal shrinkage behavior of PBI and Celgard 2400 at high temperature

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