锂离子电池结合棋盘拓扑分流结构的浸没冷却热管理研究

doi:10.12096/j.2096-4528.pgt.20111

发电技术 ›› 2021, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (2): 218-229.DOI: 10.12096/j.2096-4528.pgt.20111

锂离子电池结合棋盘拓扑分流结构的浸没冷却热管理研究

刘倩(), 石千磊(), 李凯璇(), 徐超(), 廖志荣(), 巨星()

电站能量传递转化与系统教育部重点实验室(华北电力大学), 北京市昌平区 102206

收稿日期:2020-10-20 出版日期:2021-04-30 发布日期:2021-04-29
通讯作者: 巨星
作者简介:刘倩(1997), 女, 硕士研究生, 主要研究方向为电动汽车电池热管理, liuqian_0802@163.com
石千磊(1994), 男, 硕士研究生, 主要研究方向为高热流密度冷却技术, shiqianlei@ncepu.edu.cn
李凯璇(1993), 女, 博士研究生, 主要研究方向为电动汽车电池热管理, lkxtata@126.com
徐超(1980), 男, 博士, 教授, 主要研究方向为可再生能源多场耦合热质传热传质, mechxu@ncepu.edu.cn
廖志荣(1988), 男, 博士, 讲师, 主要研究方向为相变储热, zhirong.liao@ncepu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(51876062);国家自然科学基金项目(51706071)

Research on Immersion Cooling Thermal Management of Lithium Ion Battery Combined With Checkerboard Topology Diversion Structure

Qian LIU(), Qianlei SHI(), Kaixuan LI(), Chao XU(), Zhirong LIAO(), Xing JU()

Key Laboratory of Power Station Energy Transfer Conversion and System of Ministry ofEducation (North China Electric Power University), Changping District, Beijing 102206, China

Received:2020-10-20 Published:2021-04-30 Online:2021-04-29
Contact: Xing JU
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(51876062);National Natural Science Foundation of China(51706071)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对动力电池热管理的问题，对18650圆柱型锂离子电池阵列的新型液冷结构及其冷却效果展开研究。提出棋盘拓扑分流结构的浸没式冷却方法，结合锂离子电池自身形状和阵列排布的特点，基于电池阵列本体形成一种简单合理的浸没式冷却拓扑结构。在此新型冷却结构的设计下，进一步建立电池阵列的单体模型和模组模型，通过数值模拟方法对单体模型和模组模型在各个时刻的温度分布情况进行分析，验证了以单体模型代替模组模型的可行性。在确保单体模型计算准确性的基础上，对冷却液流道的出入口布置进行数值模拟，结果表明：流道出入口同侧布置与异侧布置具有几乎相同的出入口压降，但流道出入口同侧布置的冷却效果优于异侧布置，且随着电池生热量的增大和生热时间的增加，同侧出入口布置的优势更加明显。

关键词: 锂离子电池, 热管理, 歧管, 浸没冷却, 数值模拟

Abstract:

In view of the thermal management of power batteries, the new liquid-cooling structure of 18650 cylindrical lithium ion battery array and its cooling effect were studied. An immersion cooling method combined with a checkerboard topology shunt structure was proposed. And by combining the shape and array arrangement of the lithium ion battery, a simple and reasonable immersion cooling topology based on the battery array was formed. Under this new cooling structure, the single model and module model of the battery array were established. Through the numerical simulation, the temperature distribution of the single and module models at every moment was analyzed, and the feasibility of replacing the module model with the single one was verified. On the basis of ensuring the calculation accuracy of the single model, numerical simulations on the layout of the inlet and outlet of the cooling channel were carried out. The results show that the same-side arrangement and the different-side one are almost the same in the pressure drop, but the same-side arrangement is superior to the different-side arrangement in terms of cooling effect. Moreover, with the increase of the heat generation of the battery and the extension of the heating time, the advantages of the arrangement of the inlets and outlets on the same side are more obvious.

Key words: lithium ion battery, thermal management, manifold, immersion cooling, numerical simulation

中图分类号:

TK124
TM912

刘倩, 石千磊, 李凯璇, 徐超, 廖志荣, 巨星. 锂离子电池结合棋盘拓扑分流结构的浸没冷却热管理研究[J]. 发电技术, 2021, 42(2): 218-229.

Qian LIU, Qianlei SHI, Kaixuan LI, Chao XU, Zhirong LIAO, Xing JU. Research on Immersion Cooling Thermal Management of Lithium Ion Battery Combined With Checkerboard Topology Diversion Structure[J]. Power Generation Technology, 2021, 42(2): 218-229.

图/表 24

图1 电池阵列冷却的分层设计图

Fig.1 Layered diagram of cooling appearance of battery array

图2 冷却流道平面示意图

Fig.2 Schematic diagram of cooling channel

图3 电池阵列网格状冷却流道三维示意图

Fig.3 Three-dimensional diagram of grid cooling channel of battery array

表1 电池冷却结构各层的设计尺寸

Tab. 1 Design dimensions for each layer of battery cooling structure

结构名称	尺寸
盖板和歧管层厚度/mm	7
冷却液横向流入通道截面尺寸/(mm×mm)	5×5
阳极绝缘/棋盘孔口层厚度/mm	1
电池直径/mm	18
电池高度/mm	65
浸没冷却区高度/mm	65
阴极绝缘/棋盘孔口层厚度/mm	1
出口歧管和底板层厚度/mm	7

表2 体积生热率与放电倍率关系

Tab. 2 Relationship between volume heat generation rate and discharge rate

项目	生热量/W
项目	4	6	8	10
电池整体体积生热率/ (W/cm³)	0.214 8	0.362 7	0.483 7	0.604 6
发热中心体积生热率/ (W/cm³)	3.367 9	5.051 9	6.737 2	8.421 2
放电倍率/C	4.784	6.055	7.130	8.080

图4 单体电池模型

Fig.4 Single battery model

图5 电池模组模型

Fig.5 Battery module model

表3 各部分材料的物性参数

Tab. 3 Physical parameters of each part material

材料	密度/(kg/m³)	比热容/[J/(kg·K)]	导热系数/[W/(m·K)]
去离子水	998.2	4 182	0.60
铝	2 179.0	871	155.00
电池发热中心	7 930.0	500	16.00
绝缘层	1 000.0	1 200	0.19
电池主体部分	2 510.0	1 028	36.96(平行)/1.63(垂直)

图6 5 C放电倍率下电池的表面温度分布

Fig.6 Surface temperature distribution of battery at 5 C discharge rate

图7 时间步长与各时刻最高温度的关系

Fig.7 Relationship between time steps and maximum temperature

表4 不同时间步长下各时刻对应的最高温度

Tab. 4 Maximum temperature at different time steps ℃

时间/s	时间步长/s
时间/s	0.1	0.2
100	33.176	33.183
200	35.810	35.811
300	37.299	37.300
400	38.145	38.146
500	38.621	38.624
600	38.884	38.895
700	39.021	39.047
800	39.129	39.132

表5 计算模型的网格无关性校验

Tab. 5 Verification of mesh independence of computational model

参数	网格1	网格2	网格3	偏差/%
参数	网格1	网格2	网格3	网格2→1	网格2→3
网格数目	18 888	45 652	78 684	—	—
平均温度/℃	38.626	39.235	39.857	1.55	1.59
最高温度/℃	32.255	32.840	33.451	1.78	1.86

图8 单体模型和模组模型流体的迹线图

Fig.8 Streamline diagram of single model and module model

图9 单体模型和模组模型温度分布情况

Fig.9 Temperature distribution of single model and module model

图10 单体模型和模组模型冷却液温度随时间变化情况

Fig.10 Coolant temperature change with time in single model and module model

图11 单体模型与模组模型不同工况下的最高温度

Fig.11 Maximum temperature of single model and module model under different working conditions

图12 不同时刻异侧出入口布置模型的温度分布云图

Fig.12 Temperature distribution contours of different-side inlet and oulet layout model at different time

图13 电池周向换热情况

Fig.13 Circumferential heat transfer of battery

图14 同侧出入口布置模型几何结构示意图

Fig.14 Geometric structure diagram of same-side inlet and outlet layout model

图15 同侧与异侧布置温度分布云图对比

Fig.15 Comparison of temperature distribution contours between same-side and different-side

图16 同侧出入口布置模型迹线图

Fig.16 Streamline diagram of same-side inlet and outlet layout model

图17 不同工况下2种布置模型中电池的最高温度

Fig.17 Maximum temperature of battery in two layout models under different working conditions

图18 不同冷却液流量下2种布置模型的压降

Fig.18 Pressure drop of two layout models under different coolant flow rates

图19 不同冷却液流量下2种布置模型内电池的最高温度

Fig.19 Maximum temperature of battery in two layout models under different coolant flow rates

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Research on Immersion Cooling Thermal Management of Lithium Ion Battery Combined With Checkerboard Topology Diversion Structure

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