Issue Ebookcover storyIssue CoverIssue Contents
List of IssuesDocument Types
Research on the Development Path of China’s Thermal Power Generation Technology Based on the Goal of “Carbon Peak and Carbon Neutralization” AI Introduction
Abstract：Thermal power generation is the largest source of electricity and CO2 emission in China. CO2 emission reduction in thermal power generation industry is an important guarantee for the smooth realization of the goal of “carbon peaking and carbon neutralization”. In order to explore the development path of China’s thermal power generation technology under the background of “carbon peaking and carbon neutralization”, combined with the analysis of development process of China’s thermal power generation industry and the prospect of China’s medium and long-term power consumption structure, we predicted that China’s thermal power generation technology will change from focusing on high parameter and high efficiency to peak shaving flexibility. Through the discussion and study of the ultra-high parameter thermal power generation technology, flexible peak shaving technology, IGCC/IGFC technology, it is found that the development of ultra-high parameter thermal power generation technology is limited by high temperature resistant materials. Moreover, the flexible transformation can effectively extend the life cycle of thermal power generation technology. IGCC/IGFC power generation technology was believed to be a clean-coal power generation technology with high efficiency and flexibility, and the application scenario of coal-gas (oil)-electricity integrated energy base was further proposed. Looking forward to 2060, it is suggested to strengthen the study of coal gasification/purification technology, fuel cell power generation technology and IGFC system integrated control technology, to help China achieve carbon neutralizationKeywords：thermal power generation;carbon neutralization;advanced ultra-supercritical coal-fired unit;integrated gasification combined cycle;integrated gasification fuel cell combined cycle;clean-coal130|692|43<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2025-06-06Research on Optimization Method of Coal Blending for Carbon Emission Reduction Based on Bi-level Programming AI Introduction
Abstract：As the “dual carbon” goal has been upgraded to a national strategy, coal-fired power plants are the top priority for carbon reduction in the power generation industry, and coal-fired power plants are facing a huge challenge in limiting carbon emissions. Using the method of bi-level programming model, this paper established a low-carbon coal blending optimization model for thermal power units by considering the combination of carbon emission quotas for regulatory agencies and coal blending in power plants. The upper layer is the goal of the government management department, which seeks to minimize the cost of emission reduction of power plants under the given total carbon emissions. The lower layer is the goal of the power plant sector, pursuing the minimization of coal blending cost and carbon emission cost. The chaotic particle swarm optimization (CPSO) algorithm was used to solve the model. The calculation provides a certain reference for the allocation of carbon emission quotas for regulatory agencies and coal blending for power plant operators, and has good application value and guiding role.Keywords：carbon emission quota;bi-level programming model;coal blending optimization;chaotic particle swarm optimization (CPSO) algorithm62|61|4<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2025-06-06Data-driven NOx Stability Evaluation AI Introduction
Abstract：The stability of NOx concentration in a coal-fired unit affects the operation performance of denitrification system. By constructing the stability evaluation model, the quantitative evaluation of the big data distribution of NOx concentration was realized. The original big data cleaning method combining K-means clustering and 3σ criterion was constructed, and the data of different working conditions were divided by the sliding window method. A NOx concentration reference value model was established based on the least-squares regression method. Based on the deviation degree, the deviation degree function and the stability coefficient function were constructed, and the stability scoring function was obtained after normalization, so as to realize the quantitative evaluation of the stability of full load NOx. The model was used to evaluate NOx data from a 660 MW coal-fired unit. The results show that the overall concentration of NOx concentration distribution is high and positively correlated with load rate. The stability score of variable load condition is about 2.35% lower than that of stable condition. When the load rate is increased from 50% to 100%, the stability score is increased by 21.28%. It shows that the model can effectively evaluate the stability of NOx distribution and provide a basis for benchmarking coal-fired units.Keywords：coal-fired unit;NOx stability;data cleaning;least-squares regression;steady state detection64|15|0<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2025-06-06Research on Slagging and High Temperature Corrosion Prevention and Control of a 1 000 MW Ultra Supercritical Double Tangentially Fired Boiler AI Introduction
Abstract：Aiming at the problems of slagging and high temperature corrosion of water wall in a 1 000 MW ultra-supercritical double tangential boiler, the mechanism of slagging and high temperature corrosion of boiler was analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF).The results show that the presence of sodium and calcium in coal reduces the ash melting point of coal, causing boiler slagging. Sulfide-type high temperature corrosion is the main type of high temperature corrosion of the boiler. Through coal blending optimization and air distribution adjustment, the coal quality feeding into the furnace and the air distribution mode of the burner were optimized. The results show that selecting low-sulfur and low-slagging coal for blending can effectively alleviate the problem of slagging in the furnace. The increase of the total air volume of the boiler and the reasonable adjustment of the secondary air distribution of the burner can effectively reduce the concentration of the reducing atmosphere in the furnace, and alleviate the problem of high temperature corrosion in the furnace. The prediction results of boiler corrosion tendency by numerical simulation method show that the high-temperature corrosion should be further prevented in the hot corner area of the furnace by adding adherent wind or water wall spraying.Keywords：pulverized coal boiler;double tangential combustion;slagging;high temperature corrosion;reducing atmosphere141|200|1<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2025-06-06- Abstract：Five kinds of multi-head burners with different structures were discussed according to potential flow theory in this paper. Three cases were selected for further numerical simulation from the consideration of cross fire, wall temperature and flow field. The influence of the rotation direction of the main stage and central class burner on the combustion characteristics was investigated by computational fluid method. The results show the rotation direction of the main swirlers are beneficial to the cross fire, but it will cause hot spots in the asymmetric flow field, which will affect the NOx emission and the cooling of the liner. The tulip-shaped flame is longer when the pilot swirler is counter rotating with main swirlers. When all swirlers rotate in the same direction, there is only one tulip-shaped flame. If the rotations of two adjacent main swirlers are different, a stable pair of tulip-shaped flames and a pair of open flames are produced.Keywords：gas turbine;swirled premixed combustor;multi-head structure;potential flow theory;combustion characteristic;numerical simulation79|439|0<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2025-06-06
Study on Hg Removal Characteristics of Fabric Filter AI Introduction
Abstract：Fabric filter is an important industrial dust control equipment. Through the combination of mechanism analysis, measured data research and engineering measurement, the Hg removal performance of fabric filter was studied. The results show that the fabric filter can remove most of the particulate Hg while removing dust efficiently, and the removal efficiency is between 95% and 100%. Due to the differences in inlet gaseous Hg concentration and unburned carbon content of fly ash, the removal efficiency of gaseous Hg by fabric filter varies greatly, but some test data also reach more than 90%. The actual measurement of a 15 MW circulating fluidized bed (CFB) boiler fabric filter was studied, the removal efficiencies of gaseous Hg, particulate Hg and total Hg were found to be 82.14%, 99.88% and 98.44%, respectively, and the Hg balance coefficient of the system was 91.38%. The research results can provide some reference for subsequent Hg emission control of industrial flue gas.Keywords：coal-fired power plant;fabric filter;Hg removal;emission control;removal efficiency34|205|0<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2025-06-06
Power Generation and Environmental Protection
Research and Application Progress of Phase Change Thermal Energy Storage Materials for Energy Saving and Carbon Reduction AI Introduction
Abstract：Thermal energy storage by using phase change materials (PCMs) is a kind of technology with mature development, simple process and high thermal energy storage density. Its basic homothermal heat storage and release process can reduce the loss of energy quality and has broad application prospects. Focusing on the key materials involved in phase change thermal energy storage technology, this paper introduced the advantages and disadvantages of various phase change materials under different application conditions, and summarized the applications of phase change thermal energy storage materials in waste heat recovery and utilization, solar thermal conversion storage, battery thermal management, building energy conservation and so on. In addition, the research progress in preventing the leakage of PCMs during the phase change process, improving the thermal conductivity of PCMs, and reducing the supercooling and corrosion effects of PCMs were summarized. Considering that the application of thermal energy storage by using PCMs contributes to the goals of energy conservation and carbon reduction, it is necessary to continue the research and development of thermal energy storage materials and continuously improve the comprehensive properties of thermal energy storage materials.Keywords：energy storage;phase change thermal energy storage;energy saving and carbon reduction;phase change materials51|114|5<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2025-06-06Long Period Operation of Ionic Liquid Based Electrical Double Layer Capacitor at 45 ℃ and 3 V AI Introduction
Abstract：The long period operation at 45 ℃ and 3 V of the mesoporous carbon-ionic liquid-carbon covered aluminum foam based electrical double layer capacitor was studied. The composite electrode sheet was formed by embedding mesoporous carbon with carbon-coated aluminum foam, and the 3 cm×5 cm pouch was composed of EMIBF4 as electrolyte. The operation law of charge and discharge was studied at 45 ℃ and 3 V for 1 500 h. It is found that the internal resistance change rate is about 10%, and the capacitance retention rate is as high as 98%, both of which are far better than those of organic liquid-based electrical double layer capacitor at 2.7 V and 65 ℃. The gas generation of pouches at 2.7 V/65 ℃ and 3 V/45 ℃ was compared. It is proved that the soft package of mesoporous carbon-ionic liquid-carbon-coated aluminum foam based electrical double layer capacitor can work stably at 3 V, 45 ℃ for 1 500 h. It provides a solid foundation for further promoting the application of ionic liquid-based electrical double layer capacitor.Keywords：energy storage;electrical double layer capacitor;ionic liquid;carbon-coated aluminum foam;mesoporous carbon;high temperature aging81|72|1<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2025-06-06
Energy Storage
Simulation of Optical Performance for a Solar Cavity Receiver Arranged With Spiral Tubes AI Introduction
Abstract：Using TracePro optical software, the differences in optical performance of solar cavity receivers with or without spiral tubes were simulated, and the effects of the reflectivity of inner wall of cavity and the outer diameter and pitch of the spiral tubes on the optical performance of receivers were investigated. Besides, the optical performance of four different receiver shapes were also compared. The results show that it is not proper to approximate the inner wall of the receivers as the outer surface of the spiral tubes, because this approximation cannot truly reflect the heat flux absorbed by the spiral tubes. When the pitch is constant, the reflectivity of the inner wall of the cavity is proportional to the amount of heat flux absorbed by the outer surface of the spiral tubes and the optical efficiency of the system. As the reflectivity is less than 0.8, the increase of the pitch can improve the optical performance of the receiver, while the opposite is true when the reflectivity exceeds 0.8. In addition, the truncated-cylindrical receiver has the best optical performance among the four different shapes of receivers, and its optical efficiency can reach as high as 85.42%. This research can provide theoretical guidance for the design and optimization of receivers, and lay a foundation for the analysis of heat transfer performance of receivers.Keywords：solar energy;cavity receiver;spiral tubes;reflectivity;optical performance57|69|2<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2025-06-06Study on Heat Loss Factors of Parabolic Trough Solar Collectors AI Introduction
Abstract：Combining solar thermal electricity technology with distributed energy system is conducive to increasing the proportion of renewable energy in the energy consumption structure. Parabolic trough solar collectors are currently the most widely used solar-thermal energy conversion equipment in solar thermal electricity. Their operational characteristics determine whether solar thermal electricity technology and other energy technologies in distributed energy systems can cooperate with each other. Aiming at the heat loss affecting the operation characteristics of the trough collectors, this paper carried out the on-site utility-scale experimental system test, then verified the established mathematical model of the trough collectors, and further applied the model to analyze the parameters of the residual gas volume in the vacuum zone, the wind speed, and the emissivity of the absorber.Keywords：solar thermal electricity (STE);distributed energy system;solar collector;heat loss38|111|3<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2025-06-06A Method for Estimating Available Power of Wind Farms by Considering the Power Generation Conditions and Station Losses AI Introduction
Abstract：Optimization of direct-regulated wind power automatic generation control (AGC) system and grid online optimal dispatch system requires the establishment of an accurate wind farm available power estimation model. Based on the new energy stand-alone information management system, this paper put forward a method of accurate estimation of wind power plant considering power generation conditions and station losses. The Spearman correlation coefficient was used to determine the number of key historical moments in the estimation moment, and the theoretical power estimation model of wind turbines was established based on the long short-term memory (LSTM) network. The operating conditions of the wind turbines were subdivided into six types (named as waiting wind, power generation and outage etc.), and the equivalent circuit model of the loss in the wind farm was established. Finally, the actual data of a wind farm was used to perform simulation calculations. The calculation results show that the root mean square error is reduced by 40% when the theoretical power model of a single machine considers the historical wind speed;When the available power model of wind farm takes into account the power generation condition and in-station loss, the root square error is reduced by 76.9%. The available power estimation model for wind farms proposed in this paper will facilitate the optimization of online dispatching and direct-regulation wind power AGC system strategies, and improve the level of wind power consumption.Keywords：wind power;Spearman correlation coefficient;long short-term memory (LSTM) network;theoretical power;station loss;available power78|86|5<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2025-06-06Design of Electromagnetic Vibration Power Generation Based on Spring Amplitude Amplification AI Introduction
Abstract：For new energy vibration power generation, this paper proposed an electromagnetic vibration energy harvesting device that uses a spring to increase the amplitude. In order to improve the energy harvesting efficiency, this paper used the motor electromagnetic model and the mass-spring-damping vibration model to model and analyze the output voltage of energy harvesting device. For the sample working condition of vibration frequency of 15 Hz and amplitude of 1 mm, the optimal design of the spring amplitude amplification mechanism was carried out. According to the optimization results, Solid-Works software was used to model the spring amplitude amplification mechanism. In addition, the model was imported into ANSYS software for finite element analysis to evaluate the rationality and feasibility of the design scheme of the amplitude amplification mechanism. Finally, a prototype was made and a vibration power generation experimental platform was built to verify the prototype. The experimental results show that the design scheme in this paper amplifies the amplitude of the mover by 7.98 times, the no-load voltage reaches 22.8 V, and the maximum output power is 0.44 W, which better realizes the vibration energy collection. In order to make the device can be applied to a wider range of fields, the effectiveness of the designed device and the proposed method was further verified by using three different frequency working pairs.Keywords：vibration energy harvesting;spring;optimization;finite element;vibration power generation63|438|1<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2025-06-06
New Energy
Multi-Time Scale Collaborative Optimal Scheduling Strategy for Source-Load-Storage Considering Demand Response AI Introduction
Abstract：In order to meet the challenges brought by the high proportion of new energy access in the future, it is necessary to fully tap the adjustable potential of different types of scheduling resources. Therefore, a multi-time scale optimal scheduling strategy of source-load-storage considering demand response was proposed to improve the economy and reliability of system operation by participating in the coordinated optimal scheduling of power grid. Firstly, the characteristics of different types of adjustable resources were analyzed, and the overall framework of multi-time scale rolling scheduling was constructed. The overall scheduling was divided into two stages: day-ahead scheduling and intra-day scheduling. Secondly, based on the multi-scenario stochastic programming method, the day-ahead and intra-day optimal scheduling models with the goal of minimizing the total operating cost of the system were established, and the models were solved under the premise of ensuring the reliable operation of the system. Finally, the improved IEEE-30 node system was used for simulation analysis to verify the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed strategy.Keywords：new energy;source-load-storage;demand response;multi-time scale;rolling scheduling;multi-scenario stochastic planning165|451|19<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2025-06-06Pricing Method for Season of Use in Integrated Energy Park AI Introduction
Abstract：Integrated energy park is the basic unit of new electric power system dominated by renewable energy. Depending on distributed generators, the energy production and consumption nearby and self-balance of park are achieved. The contradiction of seasonal load mismatch between distributed generators and users can be released by tapping demand response potential and stipulating different season of use (SOU) price. A pricing method for SOU price in integrated energy park was put forward accordingly. First of all, considering characteristics of load and demand response, users were classified by k-means clustering algorithm. Then, according to unbalance load of park, SOU periods were determined by k-means clustering algorithm. At last, the optimization model was established to stipulate SOU price of different types of users. As the case shown, based on this method, SOU price can promote local consumption of distributed generators efficiently and raise the utilization ratio of clean energy and overall economic benefit of park.Keywords：new power system;integrated energy park;distributed generator;season of use price;k-means clustering;demand response44|253|6<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2025-06-06AVC Comprehensive Coordinated Control Strategy of Centralized Condenser in Northwest Power Grid AI Introduction
Abstract：This paper presented a comprehensive coordinated control strategy of centralized condenser in high-voltage DC converter station which participated in automatic voltage control (AVC) to perform the reactive power optimization in high proportion new energy areas of Northwest Power Grid. Firstly, the general control idea of AVC was analyzed, and the three-level voltage control mode based on “soft partition” was given. According to the actual situation of Northwest power grid and Qinghai power grid, the coordinated control variables between them were established. Combined with the optimal power flow model, the comprehensive coordinated control strategy of Qaidam condenser participating in AVC was formed. The good applicability of the control strategy was demonstrated by the example of power grid large disturbance encountered during the AVC joint commissioning test of Qaidam condenser. The presented strategy enhances the condenser’s reactive power source effect in the case of steady-state operation. Meanwhile, it ensures instantaneous strong reactive power support capability in the case of power grid fault. As a result, the strategy gives full play to the performance of the condenser, and improves the level of reactive power and voltage regulation of power grid.Keywords：electric system;condenser;automatic voltage control (AVC);reactive power replacement;high proportion new energy59|131|6<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2025-06-06Research on Sliding Mode and Passivity Based Control Strategy of Active Power Filter AI Introduction
Abstract：In order to improve the compensation performance and harmonic suppression ability of active power filter (APF), the SMC-PBC strategy with reaching law sliding mode control (SMC) in voltage outer loop and passivity based control (PBC) in current inner loop was proposed. Compared with the PI-PBC strategy combining proportion integration (PI) and PBC, the PI-HCC strategy combining PI and hysteresis current control (HCC), SMC-PBC strategy can make the compensated current of APF closer to sine wave when load changes. The simulation results of MATLAB/Simulink experimental platform show that the SMC-PBC strategy is effective and feasible.Keywords：power electronics;active power filter (APF);passivity based control (PBC);sliding mode control (SMC);harmonic suppression39|78|7<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2025-06-06
Smart Grid
