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Significance and Challenges of CCUS Technology for Low-carbon Transformation of China’s Power Industry AI Introduction
Abstract：In the past three decades, China’s power industry has developed rapidly and solved the problem of efficiency and cleanliness to a certain extent. However, the implementation of the “double carbon” target has put forward the requirements of low carbon development for China’s power industry. Improving energy utilization efficiency, increasing the proportion of zero-carbon energy and carbon-neutral energy, and equipping carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) technology are three important ways to achieve carbon emission reduction in the power industry. Based on the carbon neutral formula of power system, the carbon emission reduction history of China’s power industry and the carbon emission reduction contribution of different pathways between 2000 and 2020 were analyzed, and the current situation and routes of CCUS technology development in China were described. The results show that between 2000 and 2011, improving the efficiency of carbon-containing energy utilization made the main contribution to carbon emission reduction in the power industry, and after 2011, the increase of the proportion of zero-carbon energy contributed more to carbon emission reduction in the power industry. To achieve the goal of carbon neutrality in the power industry, CCUS technology is indispensable when the fossil energy cannot be completely replaced. Currently, the high cost and energy consumption of CCUS technology are the main reasons that hinder its promotion. The fuel source capture technology realizes the graded utilization of energy and the enrichment of carbon components, which reduces the energy consumption of CO2 capture, and the efficiency of fuel source carbon capture system can generally be improved by 5 to 8 percentage points compared with the current mainstream carbon capture technology.Keywords：“double carbon” target;carbon neutrality;carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS);power system;carbon emission intensity97|321|0<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2025-06-06- Abstract：Global climate change is the biggest threat to the sustainable development of human, and controlling CO2 emissions is a major measure to deal with climate change. As a negative emission technology, the direct air capture (DAC) can capture CO2 emitted from distributed sources, such as transportation, agriculture, forestry, and construction industries. The performance and cost of DAC materials are the most important factors that determine the widespread application of DAC technology. This paper reviewed the current research and development status of DAC materials. The performances, advantages and disadvantages of chemical absorption materials, chemical adsorption materials, physisorption materials and multifunctional carbon capture materials were summarized. The techno-economic analysis of different DAC materials was carried out. It is pointed out that the development of carbon capture materials with low cost, high capacity, high selectivity, and high stability is the key to realize the large-scale application of DAC technology.Keywords：carbon capture;direct air capture (DAC);chemical absorption;physisorption;dual function material (DFM);moisture swing adsorption (MSA)155|351|0<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2025-06-06
- Abstract：Chemical looping combustion has the advantages of inherent CO2 separation and significantly reducing the NOx production. The circulation reactors are the core site for oxygen carrier redox and fuel conversion. The current research status of chemical looping combustion pilot systems was analyzed from three aspects of reactor type, solid material circulation mode and design theory. At present, chemical looping combustion pilot plants with heat input of 10~3 000 kW have been established in the world, and the technical readiness level is sixth. The mainstream technical route of chemical looping combustion is that the air reactor and fuel reactor both adopt the fluidized bed. The system circulation flow rate of the chemical looping pilot plants is generally lower than 25.5 kg/(m2·s), which makes it difficult to achieve self-heating operation. Finally, we introduced the latest progresses including the theoretical research, the development of a high-efficiency carbon stripper, the design of a high-flux circulating flow rate chemical looping combustion unit, and the reactor system design, etc.Keywords：carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS);chemical looping combustion;reactor;fluidized bed;design theory58|653|0<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2025-06-06
Review on Key Parameters and Characterization Technology of CO2 Sequestration Mechanism in Saline Aquifers AI Introduction
Abstract：As an important part of carbon capture, utilization and storage(CCUS) technology, CO2 sequestration in saline aquifers is an effective means to achieve the goal of carbon neutralization. Improving the research scheme of CO2 sequestration mechanism in saline aquifers is of great significance to accurately evaluate the storage potential. The storage mechanism of CO2 sequestration in saline aquifers was discussed, the commonly used characterization techniques were summarized, the effects of different parameters on sequestration in saline aquifers were discussed, and the future development of this technology was prospected. According to the study of different storage mechanisms, the characterization technology of sequestration in saline aquifers mainly includes reservoir rock characterization, core flooding experiment, solubility experiment, mineralization reaction experiment and so on. The storage potential of CO2 sequestration in saline aquifers is affected by many parameters, such as the residual water saturation, residual gas saturation, solubility and salt precipitation. Therefore, it is very important to select appropriate characterization techniques to determine the relevant parameters to ensure the accuracy of storage potential evaluation. In addition, the analysis of the whole process storage mechanism and the research of marine CO2 sequestration in saline aquifers project are the important research direction of this technology in the future.Keywords：carbon capture, utilization and storage(CCUS);CO2 geological storage;sequestration in saline aquifers;storage potential;evaluation47|23|0<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2025-06-06Study on Cycling Reaction Performance of Composite Hematite and Copper Ore Oxygen Carrier in Chemical Looping Combustion AI Introduction
Abstract：The low reactivity and low cycle stability of single natural oxygen carrier (OC) limit its application in industry. Composite OC of hematite and copper ore was prepared by spray drying granulating method, and the chemical looping combustion (CLC) cycle test was performed on the fluidized bed thermogravimetric analyzer (FB-TGA). The results show that the attrition rate of OC is relatively high at the initial stage of fluidization due to the presence of some enriched fine particles on the surface of fresh OC particles, and the particle attrition rate is stable at 0.28%/h after 6 min of fluidization. In the process of redox cycle reaction, the mechanical strength of OC is reduced by chemical stress and thermal stress, and the particle attrition and sintering are intensified. In addition, the particle sintering inhibits the oxidation stage, leading to the deep reduction of OC to a lower state, which promotes particle agglomeration and eventual defluidization. Therefore, the reduction of oxygen carrier rate and residence time in fuel reactor is beneficial to the safe operation of OC in industry.Keywords：CO2 capture;chemical looping combustion;cycling reaction performance;spray drying granulation;oxygen carrier (OC);agglomeration62|216|0<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2025-06-06Study on the Comprehensive Performance of Natural Gas Combined Cycle Plant Integrated With Carbon Capture System AI Introduction
Abstract：Natural gas combined cycle (NGCC) has the characteristics of clean, high efficiency and strong variable load capacity under certain load range. The integration of NGCC unit with carbon capture system is an important way to achieve carbon emission reduction. A 884 MW natural gas combined cycle which consists of two gas turbines, each of which is equipped with a heat recovery steam generator in International Energy Agency (IEA) report was taken as the reference system, and the system was modeled and verified by Ebsilon software. Based on the principle of energy cascade utilization, the following four different integration schemes of NGCC unit with carbon capture system were proposed. Steam extraction from the IP/LP crossover and the condensate is returned to the deaerator, steam extraction from the IP/LP crossover and the condensate after heat exchange is returned to the deaerator, steam extraction from the IP/LP crossover and the condensate is returned to the condenser, steam extraction from the IP/LP crossover and addition of a new turbine while the condensate after heat exchange is returned to the deaerator. The thermodynamic performance of four different integration schemes is further analyzed, and the energy penalty is 6.67%, 6.59%, 6.81% and 5.46%, respectively. It can be seen that the proposed scheme 4 can effectively reduce the energy penalty.Keywords：natural gas combined cycle (NGCC);carbon capture;energy penalty45|62|0<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2025-06-06- Abstract：Aiming at the problem of amine loss in the process of removing heat stable salt (HSS) by electrodialysis (ED), by comparing the three typical membrane stack configurations of ED equipment, such as two-chamber ED, three-chamber ED and bipolar membrane ED, this paper studied the regeneration process of reclaimed amine solution under the fixed experimental condition. The removal rate of HSS, the ability of amine regeneration, energy consumption, current efficiency and other important performance indicators were investigated. The results show that different membrane stack configurations have great differences in the operation process, and the performance of three-compartment ED is the best. The amine loss rate is reduced to 42.7% of that of conventional electrodialysis under the premise of ensuring other performance. The results of the study can not only deepen the understanding of ED technology for the reclamation of organic amine, but also lay a theoretical foundation for the use and promotion of absorbent reclamation technology.Keywords：CO2 capture;heat stable salt (HSS);electrodialysis;absorbent;reclamation;organic amine75|207|0<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2025-06-06
Carbon Fixation Characteristics and Performance Enhancement of CO2 Mineralized All-solid Waste Alkali-activated Cementitious Materials AI Introduction
Abstract：CO2 mineralized all-solid waste alkali-activated cementitious materials can not only realize the storage of CO2 mineralized, but also shorten the curing cycle of alkali-activated cementitious materials and improve their compressive strength. It is a promising way of CO2 capture and utilization. The effects of the ratio of alkali-activated cementitious materials, mineralized curing pressure and mineralized curing time on the carbon fixation rate and compressive strength of CO2 mineralized cementitious materials were studied. The results show that the calcium carbide slag as alkali activator is more suitable for mineralization curing, and the sample with the highest Ca/Si ratio has the best carbon fixation ability under the same curing condition. Increasing the curing pressure and curing time of CO2 can improve the properties of the samples. Physical and chemical characterization test results show that, the microstructure of the mineralized samples is more compact than that of the natural curing samples, and the calcite-type calcium carbonate produced in the curing process is helpful to increase the compressive strength of the material. The research results provide basic data and reference for the development of CO2 mineralization curing technology of all-solid waste alkali-activated cementitious materials.Keywords：carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS);alkali-activated cementitious materials;mineralization curing;carbide slag;CO2 storage61|88|0<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2025-06-06Study on CO2 Absorbent of DETA and TEA Mixed Amine Solution AI Introduction
Abstract：In order to solve the problems of high regeneration energy consumption and poor recycling rate in the CO2 capture process of traditional absorbents, the research and development of new high-efficiency and low-energy-consumption solvents has become the focus of current research. In this experiment, diethylene triamine (DETA) was used as the main absorbent, and triethanolamine (TEA) was used as the auxiliary absorbent. The mixture was mixed according to different proportions with total amine concentration of 30%. Taking the traditional absorbent 30% monoethanolamine (MEA) as the reference standard, the CO2 absorption-desorption performance, desorption energy consumption and viscosity were tested, the optimal ratio of DETA+TEA absorption was selected. The experimental results found that when the proportions was DETA+TEA= 20%+10%, the solution not only has highly CO2 absorption capacity, but also has the excellent regeneration performance and low desorption energy consumption. The saturated uptake of the absorbent is 3.71 mol CO2/L solvent, the maximum desorption rate is 1.94 mmol/(L⋅min), and the desorption energy consumption is 160 kJ/mol. Compared with the 30% MEA absorbent, the saturated uptake was increased by 34.42%, the maximum desorption rate was increased by 170%, and the energy consumption was reduced by 21.2%. The stability of 20 cycles is as high as 98%, and the viscosity of the absorbent is 3.1-6.88 mPa·s.Keywords：CO2 capture;mixed amine absorent;absorption;desoription;energy consumption;viscosity52|169|0<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2025-06-06
Carbon Capture, Utilization and Storage Technology
Research on Transient AC Overvoltage Suppression Strategy of Islanded Wind Power Transmission via VSC-HVDC AI Introduction
Abstract：Voltage source converter based high voltage direct current (VSC-HVDC) has a broad application prospect in the field of islanded renewable energy transmission, due to its advantages such as no commutation failure. When AC fault occurs in the AC power grid at the sending end of the islanded wind power transmission via VSC-HVDC, AC transient overvoltage occurs after fault clearance, endangering the safety of wind turbine and VSC-HVDC equipment. Taking the doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) as an example, this paper focused on the VSC-HVDC based on modular multilevel converter (MMC), and carried out a research on the strategy of suppressing AC transient overvoltage for MMC. Firstly, this paper analyzed the mathematical model of MMC and DFIG, and pointed out that the transient overvoltage was caused by the reactive power provided by MMC and DFIG. On this basis, combined with MMC control system model, a transient overvoltage auxiliary suppression strategy was proposed to reduce the reactive power output according to the AC voltage recovery. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed strategy was verified by simulations on PSCAD using the Zhangbei MMC-HVDC project model.Keywords：renewable energy;carbon peak;carbon neutrality;voltage source converter based high voltage direct current (VSC-HVDC);islanded transmission;transient overvoltage;suppression strategy38|425|0<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2025-06-06Reliability Evaluation of Multi-Energy Generation and Transmission System With Offshore Wind Power-Photovoltaic-Energy Storage AI Introduction
Abstract：The wind-solar-load correlation model is the basis for accurately evaluating the reliability of offshore wind power-photovoltaic-energy storage grid connected system. To solve the problem of high-dimensional wind-solar-load correlation modeling, a hybrid time-varying Copula model based on vine structure was proposed. By combining the actual wind farm output, photovoltaic power station output and grid load data, eight wind-solar-load combined Copula models were established, and the proposed model had more advantages than other models by using two common evaluation criteria of optimal model. Taking the measured data of wind farms and photovoltaic stations in Shandong province as examples, eight groups of models were analyzed and compared in IEEE-RTS79 system with wind farms and photovoltaic stations. The results show that the proposed Copula function model can more accurately describe the multi-dimensional wind-solar-load correlation. However, other existing models underestimate the impact of the wind-solar-load correlation on system reliability. After adding the energy storage device to the test system, other models also have deviations in the selection of the optimal wind-solar installed capacity ratio, the selection of storage power station capacity and the evaluation of power fluctuation.Keywords：offshore wind power;wind-solar-storage system;reliability evaluation;vine structure;mixed time-varying Copula function38|301|0<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2025-06-06Research on Comprehensive Evaluation System of Power Grid Development and Operation Based on User Demand AI Introduction
Abstract：Good power grid construction can better serve the development of national economy. In order to find out the problems and deficiencies of power supply enterprises in the process of power grid development, construction and operation, and grasp the development focus of power supply enterprises, based on the user demand, a criteria importance through intercriteria correlation (CRITIC)-entropy weight method and root cause analysis method were proposed for the comprehensive evaluation and diagnostic analysis research of power grid development and operation in power supply enterprises. Firstly, combined with the basic ideas and general principles of index system construction, a comprehensive evaluation index system suitable for power grid development and operation was established, and the weight of each index was calculated based on the improved CRITIC-entropy weight method. Then, based on the relevant data of power grid development and operation of eighteen county-level power supply enterprises in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, the comprehensive evaluation of power grid development and operation was carried out. Finally, the root cause analysis method was used to diagnose and analyze the causes of low comprehensive evaluation results of enterprises, and the corresponding improvement suggestions were put forward.Keywords：distribution network;index system;comprehensive evaluation;entropy weight method;index weight45|362|0<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2025-06-06
Smart Grid
Overview on the Current Situation of Steam Turbine Low-Pressure Cylinder Zero-Output Technology Under Background of Power Grid Peak Regulation AI Introduction
Abstract：In order to solve the problem of peak load regulation in winter and new energy consumption in China, zero-output technology of low-pressure cylinder was proposed. On the basis of studying a large number of literature materials, this paper briefly introduced the application scenario and technical principle of low-pressure cylinder zero-output technology, and discussed the theoretical research and application of low-pressure cylinder zero-output technology in practical engineering. As a kind of power plant operation scheme, low-pressure cylinder zero-output technology has the characteristics of significant peak regulation capability, low reconstruction cost and high economy. Although this scheme has a very broad development prospect, there are still many practical problems to be solved urgently if we want to promote its application.Keywords：steam turbine;low-pressure cylinder;zero-output technology;power grid peak load regulation;combined heat and power generation105|520|0<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2025-06-06Optimization Study of Power Plant Direct Flow Cold-end Subsystem Based on Negative Digging AI Introduction
Abstract：In view of the unstable performance of the cold-end system of traditional power plants and the high annual operating cost, a mathematical model based on the heat, resistance, civil construction and annual operating cost calculation of the direct flow cold end system based on negative digging depth was established, and the cold end system configuration was obtained from different conditions outside the tower. The optimal configuration was used to analyze the effect of cooling water for intlet tower water temperature, coagulator area unit price and condenser negative digging depth on the performance of cold end system. The results show that reducing the cooling water for intlet tower water temperature and condenser area unit price can reduce the annual operating cost of cold end system. The performance parameters of the cold end system with a negative digging depth of 3 to 5 m reach the lager value. Therefore, selecting the cold end system configuration according to different weather parameters outside the tower can improve the operating efficiency of the power plant and reduce the annual operating cost of the cold end system.Keywords：power plant;direct flow cold-end subsystem;cold-end optimization;negative digging depth;annual operating cost16|99|0<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2025-06-06Benefit Cost Analysis of Thermal Storage Tank in Thermal Power Plant Considering Wind Power Consumption AI Introduction
Abstract：In the projects of combined heat and power, the application of large capacity heat storage can improve the flexibility of power system operation control, so as to enhance the system ability to absorb wind power. To study the necessity of heat storage tank configuration, a cost-benefit model of heat storage tank configuration for thermal power plants was established, and the total revenue of heat storage tank configuration for thermal power plants was calculated by substituting the parameters obtained from the electrothermal comprehensive dispatching model of power systems with heat storage. The simulation example was solved by the mathematical programming solver GUROBI in MATLAB. The simulation results show that there is an optimal capacity of heat storage system to make the overall efficiency best and the model can effectively analyze the necessity of heat storage tank configuration in thermal power plants.Keywords：thermal power plant;thermal storage;heat storage tank;wind power consumption;total revenue56|288|0<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2025-06-06Research on Performance Prediction of Flue Gas Desulfurization System Based on Operation Data of Coal-fired Power Station AI Introduction
Abstract：Accurate acquisition of flue gas environmental protection system performance is the premise of its optimal adjustment and technological transformation. Based on the limestone-gypsum wet sulfur removal system of a 600 MW coal-fired power station, the data mining was used to obtain the key factor set of desulfurization system performance. On this basis, a variety of algorithms of regression analysis technology were combined to study and construct the data model of the performance of the flue gas environmental protection system of coal-fired power station. The results show that the data model can reproduce the desulfurization system performance under different load conditions with high precision, and also has good flexibility and expandability, which provides a solid foundation for state monitoring, trend analysis and operation optimization of the environmental protection system.Keywords：coal-fired power station;flue gas desulfurization system;data mining;data model;performance prediction51|187|0<HTML><L-PDF> <WORD> <Meta-XML>Updated：2025-06-06
Power Generation and Environmental Protection
