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- Abstract：To help achieve carbon peaking and carbon neutrality, the new energy power generation plays an important role in the low-carbon transition of energy system and will gradually become the main power source. However, due to the inherent volatility of new energy power generation, the difficulty of new energy consumption has become a bottleneck problem. As a valuable flexible resource on the load side, the electrode electric heating has a good support for new energy consumption. Firstly, combined with the performance and structural characteristics of electric heating, the working principles of the existing electric heating technologies were studied. Then, the differences of conversion efficiency, ramp rate, and safety between the electrode electric heating and solid-state electric heating and traditional heating methods were analyzed. Finally, in view of the advantages of stepless regulation and fast response speed of electrode electric heating, the application prospects of electrode electric heating in peak-cutting and valley-filling of power grid, liberation of thermal power units in heating period, and participation in auxiliary service of frequency regulation were discussed.Keywords：carbon neutrality;new energy power generation;electric heating;stepless regulation;peak-cutting and valley-filling;frequency modulation43|4|0<HTML><DownloadPDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2025-07-04
- Abstract：Battery energy storage system is one of the most important and effective means to achieve carbon neutrality, its large-scale applications put forward higher requirements for the battery operating safety. Accurate and real-time battery state estimation is an important function of battery management systems, and it provides critical information for ensuring safe and reliable operation of batteries. However, it is not an easy task to accurately estimate the battery internal state due to the complex operating conditions and the complicated electrochemical reactions inside the battery. This paper provided a systematic review of the state-of-the-art techniques on the state of charge (SOC) and state of health (SOH) estimation of batteries. The advantages and main challenges existing in practical applications of different techniques were analyzed and compared. Then, the future development needs for battery SOC and SOH estimation techniques were prospected, which provides references for further research in battery state estimationKeywords：lithium-ion battery;energy storage;state estimation;battery management system (BMS)41|5|0<HTML><DownloadPDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2025-07-04
- Abstract：The goal of "carbon peak, carbon neutrality" will have a profound impact on the coal-fired power industry, and reconstruct the industrial structure of the power industry. In view of the problems and challenges faced by the coal-fired power industry to achieve the dual-carbon target, it proposed to force the coal-fired power industry to transform through the final assessment results of carbon emission rather than impose a severe restriction on the development of coal-fired power industry. The coal-fired power industry will strive for more living space through low-carbon development paths, such as improving the energy efficiency of existing units, vigorously developing high-parameter generating units with high efficiency and ultra-low emission to replace small and medium-sized coal-fired units, actively promoting the application of low-carbon technologies, carrying out carbon neutralization and multi-generation, improving the flexible peak ability of coal-fired units, and strengthening the coupling development with renewable energy.Keywords：carbon peak;carbon neutrality;coal-fired power generation;low-carbon27|4|0<HTML><DownloadPDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2025-07-04
- Abstract：Water electrolysis can transform unstable renewable energy into the hydrogen energy and realize large-scale and seasonal energy storage, which is one of the key means to achieve the goal of "carbon neutrality" in China. The technology of high temperature solid oxide electrolysis cell (SOEC) was discussed and studied, and the working principle of the high temperature solid oxide electrolysis was introduced. According to its actual operation characteristics, the electrochemical model and thermodynamic model of electrolysis process were established, and the models were verified by comparing with the experimental data. Furthermore, the effects of current density and operating temperature on the high temperature solid oxide electrolysis were analyzed, and the thermodynamic analysis was conducted. The results show that the thermal integration and management of SOEC at high temperature will be conducive to reduce the power consumption. If the high-temperature electrolysis process is combined with other industrial processes and utilized the low-grade industrial waste heat, the overall efficiency of high-temperature solid oxide electrolysis is expected to be further improved.Keywords：carbon neutrality;renewable energy;hydrogen production by electrolysis;high temperature solid oxide;electrochemical model;thermodynamic analysis91|6|0<HTML><DownloadPDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2025-07-04
- Abstract：The charge and discharge load of electric vehicles can participate in the power regulation of power grid to a certain extent, so as to achieve the purpose of cutting peaks and filling valleys and reducing system power fluctuations. Especially for the power systems containing wind farms, electric vehicles can also serve as energy storage devices to increase the utilization of wind power and reduce the impact of wind power fluctuations on the power grid. The control strategy based on the ubiquitous power internet of things of charging-discharging of electric vehicles was studied. A mathematical model containing wind power connected to the grid and electric vehicle charging and discharging was established, and the particle swarm optimization algorithm was used to compare the adjustment effects of different the grid. The simulation results verify the applicability and numbers of electric vehicles after they were connected to effectiveness of electric vehicles participating in the grid adjustment.Keywords：ubiquitous power internet of things;electric vehicle;wind power;particle swarm optimization algorithm35|7|0<HTML><DownloadPDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2025-07-04
Carbon Neutrality
- Abstract：There are more and more uncertain factors affecting the power supply and demand situation in China. Studying and judging the power supply and demand situation in 2021 is of great significance to ensure the stable and healthy development of China's economy and society. Therefore, this paper combed the main factors affecting China's power demand and power supply in 2021, and analyzed the impact on power supply and demand from the aspects of international economy, domestic economy, key industries, climate and temperature, and power substitution. The economic trend, power demand and power supply of China in 2021 were forecasted, and on this basis, the national and regional power supply and demand situation were comprehensively studied and judged. It is estimated that the power consumption of the whole society in China will reach 8.22 trillion kW·h in 2021, and the growth rate will rebound significantly. By the end of 2021, the installed capacity of power generation in China is expected to reach 2.37 billion kW, of which the installed capacity of new energy is expected to account for more than 1/4. Moreover, the power supply and demand situation of China will be generally balanced in 2021, and there may be power supply and demand tension during peak hours in Central China and other regions.Keywords：power demand;power supply;power supply and demand situation32|5|0<HTML><DownloadPDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2025-07-04
- Abstract：In order to overcome the susceptibility of DC microgrid with photovoltaic and storage system (DMPSS) to power fluctuations and load disturbances, a VDCM+PBC strategy was formed. That is, in the control of energy storage converter, a passivity-based control (PBC) was adopted in current-loop, and a virtual DC machine (VDCM) control strategy was introduced in voltage-loop. Simulation results show that, compared with the VDCM+PI strategy (i. e., the voltage-loop is VDCM control and the current-loop is PI control), the VDCM+PBC strategy can reduce the bus voltage fluctuations when the load and photovoltaic output power changes. The improved stability of DC bus voltage verifies the feasibility of the proposed VDCM+PBC strategy.Keywords：DC microgrid with photovoltaic and storage system (DMPSS);passivity-based control;virtual DC machine control (VDCM);fluctuation of DC bus voltage36|5|0<HTML><DownloadPDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2025-07-04
- Abstract：The automatic generation algorithm of topology is the core of automatic generation of distribution network topology wiring diagram. Therefore, the basic idea of automatic generation algorithm of distribution network topology was described in detail. The core of the algorithm is to search the maximum distance between two points by using the depth first search (DFS) algorithm. At the same time, the idea of hierarchical layout and comprehensive implementation was put forward. The specific implementation was divided into three layers: firstly, determining the topology layout array of a single feeder; secondly, determining the topology layout array between two substations; finally, determining the topology layout array among all substations. The layout array between two substations was filled into the layout array of all substations to get the layout array of the whole distribution network. According to the coordinate position and interconnection information of each substation and equipment determined by the layout array of the whole network, the topology wiring diagram of the whole network was generated. This method solves the problem that the solution process is very complicated or even no solution caused by directly obtaining the coordinates of all distribution network equipment in the topology wiring diagram at one time, effectively avoids the cross and greatly reduces the mapping time. Finally, the effectiveness and applicability of the algorithm were verified by practical engineering application.Keywords：distribution network planning;automatic generation algorithm of topology;depth first search (DFS);topology wiring diagram;hierarchical layout53|4|0<HTML><DownloadPDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2025-07-04
- Abstract：The reform of China electricity marketization, like the international electricity reform, has broken monopolies, built a competitive electricity market, changed the vertically integrated organizational structure of power generation, transmission, distribution and sales, and has given market designers and market supervisors a new mission. At the same time, with the rapid development of information technology, it is of great significance to establish a market dynamic monitoring system on the existing power trading technology support system using modern information network technology. Based on the existing problems of the dynamic monitoring system in the current power market environment, this article designed a power market dynamic monitoring system architecture based on computer software development technology, big technology. The corresponding functional components and data mining, modeling analysis, and intelligent control supporting technologies were deployed. Finally, the application prospect of the system in typical scenarios of the power market was described. It is expected to provide technical and theoretical support for the cultivation and establishment of a healthy and orderly power market ecosystem.Keywords：electricity market;dynamic monitoring;electric power trading;data mining39|4|0<HTML><DownloadPDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2025-07-04
Smart Grid
- Abstract：In view of the disadvantages of wet evaporative cooling tower such as large water evaporation, large sewage discharge, and large fog plume in winter, this paper summarized the calculation formulas of air parameters in the air-water two-phase heat and mass transfer for the coil type, the filling type and composite type evaporative cooling tower. Combined with real-time inlet air temperature, moisture content and mass flow, the accurate calculation method of air temperature, moisture content, enthalpy and other parameters in the process of air-water heat and mass transfer were further clarified. The water evaporation rate, discharge rate and water saving amount were calculated at the same time period. The calculation results show that under the same inlet air relative humidity, the water evaporation rate and make-up rate corresponding to dry bulb temperature of 34℃ are 15% less than those corresponding to dry bulb temperature of 20℃. Under the same wet bulb temperature, the water evaporation rate and make-up water rate corresponding to dry bulb temperature of 34℃ increase by 48.8% than that corresponding to dry bulb temperature of 20℃. Therefore, the accurate calculation of air parameters in the evaporative cooling process, could avail the real-time calculation and regulation of evaporation rate, water make-up rate, discharge rate, and promote the optimization of water saving, plume abatement, energy saving and discharge reduction for wet evaporative cooling tower.Keywords：wet evaporative cooling tower;heat and mass transfer;water saving optimization;energy saving and discharge reduction;plume abatement characteristics74|5|0<HTML><DownloadPDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2025-07-04
- Abstract：The power and efficiency of thermoelectric generation are not only affected by the performance of thermoelectric generator and the temperature difference between the hot and cold ends, but also by other factors under certain conditions. Therefore, the effect of series-parallel operation on the efficiency of thermoelectric generator was studied in detail by means of simulation analysis, experimental demonstration, theoretical prediction and experimental test. The series-parallel operation is divided into two types: same series with different parallel, different series with same parallel. From the study of three series-parallel operation conditions, it is concluded that there is only one condition for the maximum power value. At low temperature, the number of series is the same as that of parallel operation, and the internal and external resistance values are the same. The internal thermal resistance and the variation of thermal resistance with hot end and cold end are important factors that influence the maximum power value. The research results provide theoretical support for the application of thermoelectric generator.Keywords：thermoelectric power generation;series-parallel;power generation efficiency;load pressure37|5|0<HTML><DownloadPDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2025-07-04
- Abstract：Wet plume forms when the wet flue gas from the wet desulphurization system exits into the ambient air, which would bring about visual pollution. In order to completely eliminate the phenomenon of wet plume, the mechanism of the generation and de-whitening of "white smoke" was described firstly, and the technical characteristics and application scope of different wet smoke de-whitening were compared. Take a coal-fired boiler in Nantong area as an example, the enthalpy and humidity map was drawn by analyzing the meteorological data from 2014 to 2016, determine the white smoke elimination control zone and the white smoke control line.The worst weather conditions in 2016 were selected as the design basis, and the flue gas condensation heating technology was selected as the de-whitening process route. By analyzing the relationship between temperature drop and temperature rise of white smoke control line, the relationship between condensation temperature and temperature rise range corresponding to different white smoke control lines was obtained, so as to select the most economical condensation temperature and temperature rise range, which provides theoretical reference for the economic operation of flue gas condensation heating and de whitening process.Keywords：wet plume;flue gas de-whitening;humidity temperature map;condensation and reheating composite technology59|5|0<HTML><DownloadPDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2025-07-04
- Abstract：In order to improve the operation level of selective catalytic reduction (SCR) denitration system, through the analysis of the technical characteristics of the existing control system of SCR denitration, it was found that the delay of existing test instruments is the direct factor affecting the accuracy and real-time performance of the denitration ammonia injection control. To improve the accuracy and real-time performance of ammonia injection control, the optimization control technology of precise ammonia injection in denitration system was proposed. Moreover, the technologies of the total amount control of ammonia injection, divisional ammonia injection control and precise measurement of NOx concentration field were organically combined to build a precise ammonia injection control strategy with total amount control, subarea ammonia injection adjustment and NOx concentration field precise measurement feedforward as the main means. This work is benefit to reduce the operation cost of denitration system and weaken the impact of escaping ammonia, and provides the technical support for the application of the next precise ammonia injection optimization technology.Keywords：selective catalytic reduction (SCR);total amount control;precise ammonia injection;control strategy145|8|0<HTML><DownloadPDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2025-07-04
- Abstract：Cyclone separator is the main equipment for particle removal and screening in thermal power plants, and its internal flow characteristics directly affect the performance of cyclone separator. In order to study the influence of the structural difference of the upper cylindrical section of the cyclone separator on its internal particle motion, the numerical simulation of gas-solid two-phase coupled motion in a linear and a spiral separator was carried out by using computational particle fluid dynamics (CPFD). The results show that the average air velocity of the straight section of the spiral separator is higher than that of the linear separator. At the same time, the outlet speed is large. Within a certain inlet velocity range, the spiral separator is slightly superior in separation effect. The research results provide a theoretical reference for the optimization of later practical engineering technology transformation.Keywords：thermal power generation;gas-solid two-phase flow;cyclone separator;computational particle fluid dynamics (CPFD);numerical simulation55|5|0<HTML><DownloadPDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2025-07-04
Power Generation and Environmental Protection
