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- Abstract：China has set a goal of being carbon neutral by 2060. In addition to developing green energy and reducing the use of fossil energy, we need to develop new ways of CO2 fixation and utilization of fossil energy. In this paper, a new technical route was proposed, which directly converts CO2 generated from the process of fossil energy utilization into 1, 3, 5-triazine triol (C3H3N3O3). The energy and residual hydrogen released in the process were utilized as clean energy to realize the efficient utilization of energy and elements from fossil energy. It can not only reduce carbon dioxide and other pollutants, but also improve the overall utilization efficiency of fossil energy. Moreover, it should be an economic and feasible technical way for China to achieve the goal of carbon neutralization.Keywords：carbon neutral;fossil energy;carbon sequestration;1, 3, 5-triazine triol (C3H3N3O3)33|143|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2025-07-04
Carbon Neutral
- Abstract：China has set a goal of reaching a carbon peak by 2030 and becoming carbon neutral by 2060. Based on the 2050 global energy interconnection (GEI) scenario and backbone grid plan, such issues in the construction of the GEI as high proportion of clean energy, connecting pattern and grid structure, operation control measures, etc. were studied. The proportions of clean energy, implementation path and responding measures to challenges were analysed, the concept of multi-node and multi-loop generalized backbone grid were proposed. The hierarchical and zoning structure was discussed, and intelligent dispatching, stability control, information communication and big data and other operational control measures were proposed. Key technologies such as large-capacity long-distance power transmission, cross-sea power transmission, clean energy power generation, and energy storage were analysed and predicted.Keywords：global energy interconnection (GEI);grid planing;backbone grid;grid structure;urtra-high voltage;clean energy;energy storage;carbon neutral33|609|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2025-07-04
- Abstract：The development of global energy internet (GEI) poses greater challenges to long-distance power energy supply and demand balance and sustainable supply reliability. Different types of energy storage technologies are the preferred means to solve the power and electricity balance, which are essential parts of GEI development. The requirements and configuring of energy storage are closely related to the characteristics and goals of specific application scenarios. Through literature research and demonstration projects, the configuration methods and performance requirements of energy storage technologies in three typical application scenarios of GEI were analyzed. The suggestions on energy storage types, power of energy storage configuration and discharge time range suitable for different applications were given. Aiming at the characteristics of large-scale clean energy and long-distance transmission of the GEI, a specific energy storage access topology was proposed, which provided a solution for the functional verification of simulated energy storage access to GEI applications.Keywords：global energy internet;energy storage;configuration;access topology62|559|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2025-07-04
- Abstract：With the decrease of fossil energy reserves and the deterioration of natural environment, increasing the proportion of renewable energy in power grid becomes the main goal of power grid development in the future. Considering the constraints of energy storage systems, hydropower station, photovoltaic power station, wind farm and power grid operation, a cooperative scheduling strategy of energy storage systems in the regional power grid with renewable energy was proposed, and an optimal scheduling model was established. The optimization objective function was the maximum consumption rate of new energy and the output in the regional power grid. In order to improve the accuracy, the model was transformed into a mixed integer linear programming problem to solve. Finally, a modified IEEE 9-node system was used for simulation verification.Keywords：renewable energy;energy storage system;cooperative scheduling strategy;mixed integer linear programming44|385|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2025-07-04
- Abstract：Renewable energy is gradually replacing traditional power plants to provide electricity for users, but it also brings potential risks to the safe operation of the power grid. Thus, in the planning stage, it is necessary to comprehensively evaluate the probability of violation risk of maximum frequency deviation. Planning method based on Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) is inefficient, while artificial neural network (ANN) can make fast and effective prediction by learning data. Therefore, this paper proposed an MCS-ANN algorithm to realize the rapid assessment of violation risk of regional maximum frequency deviation. Firstly, a large number of stochastic disturbances were generated, and only a small part of disturbances were used for MCS. Then, these data were sent to the neural network for training, and most of the remaining disturbances were sent to the trained neural network for output prediction. The above training and prediction processes were repeated. The average of multiple prediction results was used as the final prediction output, and the probability distribution of each risk interval was obtained. Finally, the effectiveness of the proposed MCS-ANN algorithm was verified on IEEE 10-machine 39-node system.Keywords：renewable energy;power grid security;frequency risk assessment;Monte Carlo simulation (MCS);artificial neural network (ANN)36|106|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2025-07-04
- Abstract：Ultra high voltage direct current (UHVDC) projects have been widely constructed in China power grid. A model of the evaluation factor set that affects the operation of UHVDC project was built and the current operation conditions of UHVDC project was evaluate based on this model. Firstly, an evaluation model of UHVDC project was constructed based on the development process of UHVDC project by employing the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) to determine the weight of evaluation factors and contribution weight method to quantify the mutual influence between different development processes. Then, an UHVDC project in Gansu Province was taken as an example to build its evaluation model, expert evaluation method was used for quantitative evaluation according to various specific factors, and the evaluation results with visual and graphical methods were analysed. Based on the problems of the UHVDC project and other UHVDC projects in China, the suggestions for the safe and high-efficient operation of UHVDC projects were proposed aiming to provide reference for the future development of UHVDC in China.Keywords：ultra high voltage direct current (UHVDC);analytic hierarchy process (AHP);contribution weight method;expert evaluation method34|435|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2025-07-04
- Abstract：Wind power will become one of the dominant power sources of China oriented to carbon neutral. With the rapid development of artificial intelligence technology, artificial neural networks are widely used in wind power generation forecasting. Traditional artificial neural network algorithms use fixed-form data sets and simple network structures, which limits the overall expression ability and results in uncontrollable errors in ultra-short-term wind power forecasting due to various uncertain factors. In this work, a multi-channel feature combination model based on artificial neural network for ultra-short-term wind power prediction was proposed. Firstly, the data were reclassified and input into three neural networks to establish three feature combinations. After that, multi-channel features splicing and fusion were performed. The fused features were added to the fully connected neural network for power prediction, which can eliminate the interference between different features and effectively learn long-term dependent data features. Finally, the algorithm was verified on the actual data of five wind farms. The experimental results show that this method has better prediction accuracy than the single-channel model, and can improve the network stability.Keywords：carbon neutral;wind power generation;ultra-short-term power prediction;artificial neural network;multi-channel50|386|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2025-07-04
- Abstract：The dynamic characteristics of new generation synchronous condenser and static synchronous compensator (STATCOM) were compared in both frequency and time domains in this paper, based on which their applicability under different scenes was analyzed. Firstly, an effective reactive current gain index was proposed to realize the dynamic response evaluation, via which the characteristics of two devices were studied in the frequency domain. The analyses include their effectiveness and comparison of phase and amplitude frequency characteristics under voltage fluctuation of different frequencies. Based on the current and planning power systems, their dynamic characteristics were compared in the time domain, considering the application demands for frequency and steady-state overvoltage restraining in sending-end power systems, the decreasing the possibility of simultaneous commutation failure in multiple DC lines, and the increasing transient voltage stability of receiving-end power systems. Their technical advantages and applicability under different scenes were finally analyzed and compared, to provide technical support of dynamic reactive power compensator selection in planning power systems.Keywords：synchronous condenser;static synchronous compensator (STATCOM);dynamic characteristics in frequency domain;dynamic characteristics in time domain122|296|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2025-07-04
- Abstract：Typhoon is one of the common natural disasters, which will seriously affect the normal operation of the distribution network infrastructure. Reinforcing system infrastructure (such as wires and poles) to improve their disaster resilience is an effective way to reduce losses caused by extreme weather events. Therefore, this paper proposes a pre-disaster reinforcement strategy for the distribution network infrastructure considering economic constraints. Firstly, the models of occurrence of extreme weather, component fragility and the disaster response process were created. Then, the disaster resilience of distribution network was evaluated via Monte Carlo simulation. The reinforcement strategy was further optimized through the particle swarm optimization algorithm, considering the total reinforcement budget, the load importance and the component fragility. Finally, the proposed strategy was applied to an improved 18-bus distribution system to verify its effectiveness.Keywords：typhoon;distribution network;disaster resilience evaluation;infrastructure reinforcement53|657|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2025-07-04
- Abstract：Post-evaluation of distribution network project can be used to sum up experience, learn lessons and improve the decision-making level through the comprehensive evaluation of the whole project. With a large number of distributed power sources accessing the distribution network in recent years, the structure and operation control of the distribution network have changed. In order to improve the construction quality of distribution network project and the decision-making level of distribution project, the traditional distribution network evaluation index system was optimized, corresponding evaluation indexes were added or modified, an index system suitable for the post-evaluation of active distribution network project was established. The corresponding fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method was proposed. Finally, the feasibility and superiority of the index system and evaluation method were verified by an example.Keywords：active distribution network;post-evaluation;distributed generation;fuzzy comprehensive evaluation78|317|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2025-07-04
- Abstract：In order to study the energy situation more accurately and formulate energy policies scientifically in the process of energy transition, this paper analyzed the European Union (EU) energy and power policy, which provides reference for our country to make energy policy. Firstly, the energy policies of EU including Energy Package, 2030 Climate-energy Package and Strategic Energy Technology Plan were summarized. Secondly, the relationship between ten-year network development plan and the transmission part of roadmap were studied. At last, the key technologies related to future DC transmission were prospected. According to the analysis, this paper presents that the main implication of EU policy on Chinese energy and electrical policy is as follows: legislation should be done first, the effect of revolutionary technology on load forecasting should be considered, and the technical reserve of DC transmission should be strengthened.Keywords：energy reform programme;climate agreement;smart grid;carbon neutral;super-gird46|614|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2025-07-04
- Abstract：In view of the increasing permeability of renewable energy in microgrid, the problems of inertia and insufficient damping of microgrid are more and more prominent. The distributed power control has become a prerequisite for the control and reliable operation of microgrid. According to the basic principles of three typical micro-power control methods (i.e., PQ, V/f and Droop), and the new overall control strategy based on VSG, the simulation models were built in the Matlab/Simulink environment. Moreover, the correctness and effectiveness of the designed models were verified. The results show that the designed models can be used to study the off-grid and grid-connected operation of microgrid. The models have good versatility and scalability, and can provide a reference for the control of microgrid.Keywords：microgrid;distributed power;Matlab/Simulink;control method33|347|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2025-07-04
- Abstract：Because of its outstanding performance in economic benefit and environmental benefit, the inverter interfaced distributed generation (IIDG) has been widely used in distribution network. The access of IIDG makes the distribution network a complex network of multi-power supply, the bidirectional power flow may lead to the degradation of feeder automation performance based on undirectional power flow, and it is imposssible to isolate faults in time. Aiming at two typical application on overhead lines feeder automation implementation pattern: voltage time type feeder automation and current differential type feeder automation, discussed its working principle, considering the working principle of IIDG, the influence of IIDG's penetration on fault isolation and non-faulty area recovery in each feeder automation mode was analyzed in detail. The solution to reduce the impact of IIDG was proposed and the simulation was verified.Keywords：inverter interfaced distriuted generation (IIDG);bidirectional power flow;feeder automation;volatage-time feeder automation;current-level differential feeder automation41|326|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2025-07-04
- Abstract：In order to solve the practical problem of 24-hours dynamic reactive power optimization in power system dispatching, this paper divided generator's operation into three regions in PQ mathematical model, according to the limit output range of generator's operation. Moreover, the action times of discrete control equipment were taken as global inequality constraints, and a complete 24-hours non-linear mixed integer dynamic reactive power optimization mathematical model was established. The simulation results show that the mathematical model in this paper can adjust the output of generators according to the actual situation effectively when the generators are in phase-leading operation. In addition, increasing the number of control equipment's action can reduce the loss of active power in the whole network, but at the same time, the frequent operation will greatly increase the probability of failure of equipment. It is necessary for us to find the appropriate constraints of the action number within the range of reliable acceptance of network losses, so as to save the comprehensive cost of the actual power grid operation.Keywords：dynamic reactive power optimization;generator safe operating limit;interior point method;power system dispatching29|217|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2025-07-04
- Abstract：From February 15 to 19, 2021, a rotating outage due to load-shed occurred in the power grid of Texas in the United States, causing widespread global concern. In this paper, an overview of the power grid and electricity market in Texas was introduced firstly. Then, this paper sorted out the occurrence and development process of the accident with time as the main line, and paid attention to the operation status of the electricity market during the accident period. Moreover, the causes of the three major problems such as imbalance between supply and demand, high electricity price, and financial crisis in the accident were analyzed. Finally, this paper summarized the experience and lessons of power outages, and put forward relevant enlightenments to the construction of China's electricity market.Keywords：U.S. power outage;load-shed;electricity market;scarcity pricing77|363|0<HTML><L-PDF> <Meta-XML>Updated：2025-07-04
Power System Planning
