聚变装置高温超导磁体系统电磁仿真方法研究

doi:10.12096/j.2096-4528.pgt.24128

发电技术 ›› 2024, Vol. 45 ›› Issue (6): 1030-1038.DOI: 10.12096/j.2096-4528.pgt.24128

• 可控核聚变及其发电技术 • 上一篇

聚变装置高温超导磁体系统电磁仿真方法研究

徐浩睿¹^,², 王苏鑫¹^,², 李留江¹^,², 严植泳¹^,², 谭运飞¹^,²

^1.强电磁工程与新技术国家重点实验室（华中科技大学电气与电子工程学院），湖北省武汉市 430074
^2.华中科技大学国家脉冲强磁场科学中心，湖北省武汉市 430074

收稿日期:2024-07-21 修回日期:2024-08-22 出版日期:2024-12-31 发布日期:2024-12-30
通讯作者: 谭运飞
作者简介:徐浩睿(2002)，男，硕士研究生，主要研究方向为聚变高温超导磁体的设计与分析，941584026@qq.com；
王苏鑫(2001)，男，博士研究生，主要研究方向为聚变超导磁体的设计与分析，d202380856@hust.edu.cn；
李留江(1997)，男，博士研究生，主要研究方向为高温超导体的失超传播特性，d202380876@hust.edu.cn；
严植泳(1997)，男，博士研究生，主要研究方向为应用超导技术，yanzy15@tsinghua.org.cn；
谭运飞(1980)，男，博士，研究员，长期从事稳态强磁场装置的设计和研发，本文通信作者，tanyf@hust.edu.cn。
基金资助:
国家磁约束核聚变能发展研究专项(2022YFE03150104);国家电网有限公司科技项目(5500-202355837A-4-3-WL)

Research on Electromagnetic Simulation Method of Fusion High-Temperature Superconducting Magnet System

Haorui XU¹^,², Suxin WANG¹^,², Liujiang LI¹^,², Zhiyong YAN¹^,², Yunfei TAN¹^,²

^1.State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and Technology (School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology), Wuhan 430074, Hubei Province, China
^2.Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, Hubei Province, China

Received:2024-07-21 Revised:2024-08-22 Published:2024-12-31 Online:2024-12-30
Contact: Yunfei TAN
Supported by:
National MCF Energy R&D Program(2022YFE03150104);State Grid Co., LTD. Technology Program(5500-202355837A-4-3-WL)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的高温超导磁体系统的应用是未来托卡马克装置的重要技术路线，然而高温超导带材的磁场各向异性以及复杂的导体结构极大地增加了聚变装置高温超导磁体系统电磁设计阶段仿真模拟的复杂度，因此需要针对其电磁仿真以及简化方法开展相应研究。方法通过有限元仿真软件COMSOL建立高温超导磁体系统总体电磁仿真模型与各种简化模型，对其相关电磁性能进行了仿真分析与对比。结果等离子体区域中心磁场与最大波纹度的计算结果主要受纵场(toroidal field，TF)线圈产生的磁场控制，而TF线圈对中心螺线管(central solenoid，CS)线圈上的磁场分布影响很小。当结合导体的详细结构并考虑高温超导带材的磁场各向异性时，垂直磁场的计算结果与总体模型相比具有较大差异。结论在等离子体区域内的相关电磁参数的计算上可以仅考虑TF线圈，而在分析CS线圈上磁场时可忽略TF线圈。此外，通过结合导体结构的平均电流分布，可以有效降低高温超导带材垂直磁场的仿真计算误差。

关键词: 核聚变, 聚变发电, 托卡马克磁体系统, 高温超导磁体, 电磁分析, 模型对比

Abstract:

Objectives The application of high-temperature superconductivity (HTS) magnet system is an important technical route for future tokamak devices. However, the magnetic field anisotropy of the HTS tape and the complex conductor structures greatly increase the complexity of the simulation in the electromagnetic design stage of the HTS magnet system of the fusion device. It is necessary to carry out the corresponding research on the electromagnetic simulation and simplified methods. Methods The finite element simulation software COMSOL was used to establish the overall electromagnetic simulation model and various simplified models of the HTS magnet system, and the related electromagnetic properties were simulated and compared. Results The calculation results of the central magnetic field and the maximum ripple of plasma are mainly controlled by the magnetic field generated by the toroidal field (TF) coil. However, the TF coil has little influence on the magnetic field distribution on the central solenoid (CS) coil. When the detailed structure of the conductor is combined and the magnetic field anisotropy of the HTS tape is considered, the calculated results of the vertical magnetic field show a large difference compared with the overall model. Conclusions The TF coil can only be considered in the calculation of the relevant electromagnetic parameters in the plasma region, and the TF coil can be ignored in the analysis of the magnetic field on the CS coil. In addition, by combining the average current distribution of the conductor structure, the simulation error of the vertical magnetic field of the HTS tape can be effectively reduced.

Key words: nuclear fusion, fusion power, tokamak magnet system, high-temperature superconductivity, electromagnetic analysis, model comparison

中图分类号:

TK 01

徐浩睿, 王苏鑫, 李留江, 严植泳, 谭运飞. 聚变装置高温超导磁体系统电磁仿真方法研究[J]. 发电技术, 2024, 45(6): 1030-1038.

Haorui XU, Suxin WANG, Liujiang LI, Zhiyong YAN, Yunfei TAN. Research on Electromagnetic Simulation Method of Fusion High-Temperature Superconducting Magnet System[J]. Power Generation Technology, 2024, 45(6): 1030-1038.

图/表 15

表1 超导磁体系统主要参数

Tab. 1 Main parameters of superconducting magnet system

参数	数值
中心磁感应强度B_t/T	12
大半径R/m	1.85
小半径a/m	0.57
波纹度δ/%	<0.5

图1 磁体系统环向截面图

Fig. 1 Cross-section of magnet system

图2 磁体系统计算模型结构

Fig. 2 Calculation model structure of magnet system

图3 导体结构图

Fig. 3 Conductor structure

图4 磁体系统磁场分布图

Fig. 4 Magnetic field distribution of magnet system

图5 整体模型赤道平面磁场分布图

Fig. 5 Magnetic field distribution of system model in the equatorial plane

图6 等离子体区域波纹度分布

Fig. 6 Ripple distribution of plasma

图7 TF线圈磁场分布图

Fig. 7 Magnetic field distribution of TF coil

图8 TF线圈模型赤道平面磁场分布图

Fig. 8 Magnetic field distribution of TF coil model in the equatorial plane

图9 放大的波纹度曲线

Fig. 9 Magnified ripple curves

图10 TF线圈产生磁场截面图

Fig. 10 Magnetic field distribution generated by TF coil

图11 磁场分布环向截面图

Fig.11 Magnetic field distribution in poloidal field coil

图12 CS1U磁场分布图

Fig. 12 Magnetic field distribution of CS1U

图13 上下排布的垂直磁场绝对误差图

Fig. 13 Absolute error of vertical magnetic field in longitudinal arrangement

图14 左右排布的垂直磁场绝对误差图

Fig. 14 Absolute error of vertical magnetic field in horizontal arrangement

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聚变装置高温超导磁体系统电磁仿真方法研究

Research on Electromagnetic Simulation Method of Fusion High-Temperature Superconducting Magnet System

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