磷酸燃料电池的能效、㶲及生态特性分析

doi:10.12096/j.2096-4528.pgt.21040

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

磷酸燃料电池(phosphoric acid fuel cell，PAFC)因具有启动时间短、无污染和结构简单等优点，成为当前商业化发展最快的一种燃料电池。根据热力学第一定律和第二定律，推导出了PAFC的电效率、输出功率、?损率、?效率、生态函数和生态性能系数的数学表达式，考虑多种优化目标之间的权衡，得到了燃料电池性能参数在不同情况下的最佳工作区域。此外，还详细地讨论了一些主要工作条件和设计参数对PAFC系统性能的影响。从保护自然资源的角度考虑了能源的利益和损失，研究结果可为高性能的PAFC系统设计提供一些理论支持。

关键词: 磷酸燃料电池(PAFC), 能效, ?, 生态特性

Abstract:

Phosphoric acid fuel cell (PAFC) has become one of the fastest growing commercial fuel cells due to its short start-up time, no pollution and simple structure. According to the first and second laws of thermodynamics, the energy, exergy and ecology performances of PAFC were studied. The mathematical expressions of electric efficiency, output power, exergy destruction rate, exergy efficiency, ecological function and ecological coefficient of performance for fuel cell were derived. Considering the trade-off between various optimization criteria, the optimal working area of PAFC under different performance parameters was obtained. Finally, the effects of some main operating conditions and design parameters on the performance of PAFC system were discussed in detail. This work considers the benefits and losses of energy from the perspective of protecting natural resources, and the results can provide some theoretical support for the design of high-performance PAFC system.

Key words: phosphoric acid fuel cell (PAFC), energy efficiency, exergy, ecology characteristics

中图分类号:

TK 02

郭心如, 郭雨旻, 罗方, 王江峰, 赵攀. 磷酸燃料电池的能效、㶲及生态特性分析[J]. 发电技术, 2022, 43(1): 73-82.

Xinru GUO, Yumin GUO, Fang LUO, Jiangfeng WANG, Pan ZHAO. Analysis of Energy, Exergy and Ecology Characteristics of Phosphoric Acid Fuel Cell[J]. Power Generation Technology, 2022, 43(1): 73-82.

图/表 14

图1 PAFC系统原理图

Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of PAFC system

表1 H2、O2和H2O的热力学参数

Tab. 1 Thermodynamic parameters for H2, O2 and H2O

i	$Δ g 0$ /(J·mol^-1)	$Δ h 0$ /(J·mol^-1)	$Δ s 0$ /(J·mol^-1)	$C m$ /(J·mol^-1·K^-1)	$L v$ /(J·mol^-1)	$ε c h e m, i 0$ /(J·mol^-1)
H₂(g)	0	0	131	27.28+0.003 26T+50 000/T²	—	236 090
O₂(g)	0	0	205	29.96+0.004 18T-167 000/T²	—	3 970
H₂O(g)	—	—	—	30.00+0.010 17T+33 000/T²	40 700	—
H₂O(l)	237 200	285 800	70	75.44	—	9 500

表1 H2、O2和H2O的热力学参数

Tab. 1 Thermodynamic parameters for H2, O2 and H2O

i	$Δ g 0$ /(J·mol^-1)	$Δ h 0$ /(J·mol^-1)	$Δ s 0$ /(J·mol^-1)	$C m$ /(J·mol^-1·K^-1)	$L v$ /(J·mol^-1)	$ε c h e m, i 0$ /(J·mol^-1)
H₂(g)	0	0	131	27.28+0.003 26T+50 000/T²	—	236 090
O₂(g)	0	0	205	29.96+0.004 18T-167 000/T²	—	3 970
H₂O(g)	—	—	—	30.00+0.010 17T+33 000/T²	40 700	—
H₂O(l)	237 200	285 800	70	75.44	—	9 500

表2 PAFC系统的参数

Tab. 2 Parameters of PAFC system

参数	数值	参数	数值
F/(C·mol^-1)	96 485	$b$	0.000 03
R/(J·mol^-1·K^-1)	8.314	$c$	0.000 8
$n e$	2	α	0.5
p/Pa	101 325	j₀/(A·m^-2)	0.06
T/K	453	t_ele/m	0.002
T₀/K	298	A/m²	0.001 5

表2 PAFC系统的参数

Tab. 2 Parameters of PAFC system

参数	数值	参数	数值
F/(C·mol^-1)	96 485	$b$	0.000 03
R/(J·mol^-1·K^-1)	8.314	$c$	0.000 8
$n e$	2	α	0.5
p/Pa	101 325	j₀/(A·m^-2)	0.06
T/K	453	t_ele/m	0.002
T₀/K	298	A/m²	0.001 5

图2 Erev, Econ, Eact, Eohm, U随j变化曲线

Fig. 2 Change curves of Erev, Econ, Eact, Eohm and U with j

图3 PAFC的能效、?和生态性能

Fig. 3 Energy, exergy and ecology performances of PAFC

表3 一些关键性能参数的比较

Tab. 3 Comparison of some key performance parameters

i	$η i$ /%	$Ω i *$ /(W·m^-2)	$φ i$ /%	$ϕ i$ /%
增率/%	29.3	-55.1	29.1	66.7
P	43.7	7 629.1	44.4	1.2
E	56.5	3 425.5	57.3	2.0

表3 一些关键性能参数的比较

Tab. 3 Comparison of some key performance parameters

i	$η i$ /%	$Ω i *$ /(W·m^-2)	$φ i$ /%	$ϕ i$ /%
增率/%	29.3	-55.1	29.1	66.7
P	43.7	7 629.1	44.4	1.2
E	56.5	3 425.5	57.3	2.0

图4 ?效率和生态函数密度随功率密度的变化情况

Fig. 4 Variations of exergy efficiency and ecology function densitywith power density

图5 工作温度T对输出电压U的影响

Fig. 5 Effect of working temperature T on output voltage U

图6 工作温度T对输出功率密度、?效率和生态函数密度的影响Fig. 6 Effect of working temperature T on output power density, exergy efficiency and ecology function density

图7 工作压力p对可逆电位Erev的影响

Fig. 7 Effect of operating pressure p on reversible potential Erev

图8 工作压力p对输出功率密度、?效率和生态函数密度的影响

Fig. 8 Effect of operating pressure p on output power density, exergy efficiency andecology function density

图9 电解质厚度tele对输出功率密度、?效率和生态函数密度的影响

Fig. 9 Effect of electrolyte thickness tele on output power density, exergy efficiency andecology function density

图10 交换电流密度j0对活化过电势Eact的影响

Fig. 10 Effect of exchange current density j0 on activation overpotential Eact

图11 交换电流密度j0对输出功率密度、?效率和生态函数密度的影响

Fig. 11 Effect of exchange current density j0 on output power density, exergy efficiency and ecology function density

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