轴向外磁场对盘式磁流体发电机性能特性的影响研究

doi:10.12096/j.2096-4528.pgt.24007

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的盘式磁流体发电机在清洁能源发电和空间电力供应方面有着广阔的发展前景。轴向外磁场是盘式磁流体发电机的重要运行参数之一。为深入研究轴向外磁场对盘式磁流体发电机性能的影响，提出了盘式发电机物理模型。方法建立了包含盘式磁流体发电机的进气道、发电通道和排气道的全流道物理模型，通过r-z准二维磁流体动力学模型数值模拟分析了轴向外磁场对盘式磁流体发电机流动特性、电离特性和发电过程的影响。结果在5 T磁场下，由于产生了更高水平的法拉第电流，同时等离子体基本稳定，盘式磁流体发电机实现了高焓提取率和高等熵效率。结论通过数值模拟更加精准分析了盘式磁流体发电机在不同轴向磁场下的性能，对提高盘式磁流体发电机最优性能工况的运行控制精确度和发电机发电效率具有重要意义。

关键词: 盘式磁流体发电机, 轴向外磁场, 非平衡等离子体, 发电机性能, 全流道物理模型, 法拉第电流, 流动和电离特性, 三次插值伪粒子方法

Abstract:

Objectives Disk magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) generators hold broad development prospects in clean energy generation and space power supply. The axial applied magnetic field is one of the important operating parameters of the disk MHD generator. To deeply study the influence of the axial external magnetic field on the performance of the disk-type magnetohydrodynamic generator, a physical model of the disk generator is proposed. Methods In this paper, a full flow channel physical model including the inlet, power generation channel, and exhaust channel of the disk MHD generator is established. The influence of the axial applied magnetic field on the flow characteristics, ionization characteristics, and power generation process of the disk MHD generator is analyzed through numerical simulation of the r-z quasi 2-D MHD model. Results Under the 5 T magnetic field, the disk MHD generator achieves high enthalpy extraction ratio and high isentropic efficiency due to the generation of a higher level of Faraday current and plasma stability. Conclusions Through numerical simulation, the performance of the disk MHD generator under different axial magnetic fields is analyzed more accurately. This numerical simulation method is of great significance for improving the operational control accuracy and power generation efficiency of the disk MHD generator under optimal performance conditions.

Key words: disk magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) generator, axial applied magnetic field, non-equilibrium plasma, generator performance, full flow channel physical model, Faraday current, flow and ionization characteristics, cubic interpolation pseudo-particle method

中图分类号:

TK 05

朱培奇, 彭爱武. 轴向外磁场对盘式磁流体发电机性能特性的影响研究[J]. 发电技术, 2025, 46(5): 959-967.

Peiqi ZHU, Aiwu PENG. Research on the Influence of Axial Applied Magnetic Field on the Performance Characteristics of Disk Magnetohydrodynamic Generator[J]. Power Generation Technology, 2025, 46(5): 959-967.

图/表 15

图1 盘式磁流体发电机结构示意图

Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of the disk MHD generator structure

图2 计算域形状和结构尺寸

Fig. 2 Shape and structural dimension of the computational domain

表1 数值计算条件

Tab.1 Numerical calculation conditions

参数	数值
工质气体	Ar+Cs
入口总压/kPa	405.3
入口总温/K	2 200
出口背压/kPa	30
种子分数	1.0×10^-3
轴向外磁场磁感应强度B/T	3.0、4.0、5.0、6.0、7.0
外接负载电阻/Ω	1.0

图3 不同轴向外磁场下盘式磁流体发电机的焓提取率和等熵效率曲线

Fig. 3 Enthalpy extraction ratio and isentropic efficiency curves of the disk MHD generator under different axial applied magnetic fields

图4 不同轴向外磁场磁感应强度下盘式磁流体发电机Ζ=0平面的电势曲线

Fig. 4 Potential curves of the disk MHD generator in the Z=0 plane under different axial applied magnetic induction intensities

图5 不同轴向外磁场磁感应强度下盘式磁流体发电机Ζ=0平面的法拉第电流密度曲线

Fig. 5 Faraday current density curves of the disk MHD generator in the Z=0 plane under different axial applied magnetic induction intensities

图6 不同轴向外磁场磁感应强度下盘式磁流体发电机的法拉第电流密度云图

Fig. 6 Faraday current density contours of the disk MHD generator under different axial applied magnetic induction intensities

图7 不同轴向外磁场磁感应强度下盘式磁流体发电机Ζ=0平面的马赫数曲线

Fig. 7 Mach number curves of the disk MHD generator in the Z=0 plane under different axial applied magnetic induction intensities

图8 不同轴向外磁场磁感应强度下盘式磁流体发电机的马赫数分布云图

Fig. 8 Mach number distribution contours of the disk MHD generator under different axial applied magnetic induction intensities

图9 不同轴向外磁场磁感应强度下盘式磁流体发电机Ζ=0平面的切向速度曲线

Fig. 9 Tangential velocity curves of the disk MHD generator in the Z=0 plane under different axial applied magnetic induction intensities

图10 不同轴向外磁场磁感应强度下盘式磁流体发电机的切向速度云图

Fig. 10 Tangential velocity contours of the disk MHD generator under different axial applied magnetic induction intensities

图11 不同轴向外磁场磁感应强度下盘式磁流体发电机Ζ=0平面的电子温度曲线

Fig. 11 Electron temperature curves of the disk MHD generator in the Z=0 plane under different axial applied magnetic induction intensities

图12 不同轴向外磁场磁感应强度下盘式磁流体发电机的电子温度分布云图

Fig. 12 Electron temperature distribution contours of the disk MHD generator under different axial applied magnetic induction intensities

图13 不同轴向外磁场磁感应强度下盘式磁流体发电机Ζ=0平面的电导率曲线

Fig. 13 Electrical conductivity curves of the disk MHD generator in the Z=0 plane under different axial applied magnetic induction intensities

图14 不同轴向外磁场磁感应强度下盘式磁流体发电机的电导率分布云图

Fig. 14 Electrical conductivity distribution contours of the disk MHD generator under different axial applied magnetic induction intensities

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