面向扭振分析的含虚拟惯量双馈风机轴系研究

doi:10.12096/j.2096-4528.pgt.24015

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的风电机组轴系数学模型是扭振特性分析的基础，轴系模型对分析结果可靠性至关重要。为更精准地分析虚拟惯量引入后对传动链扭振特性的影响，对含虚拟惯量控制的双馈风机轴系建模问题开展了研究。方法确定仿真模型后，设计了阻尼控制器，该控制器可以抑制虚拟惯量控制引起的轴系扭振。首先，通过建立各种轴系的数学模型，建立基于虚拟惯量控制的风机系统动力学模型，并采用模态分析方法确定了影响机组轴系扭振特性的关键状态变量；其次，从含虚拟惯量控制的风机扭振特性以及风机轴系、同步机动态交互2个方面，研究了风机不同轴系模型的适用性；最后，通过仿真分析验证了阻尼控制器的有效性。结果采用虚拟惯量控制可以有效地改善因风电并网而引起的系统惯性衰减问题，但同时也会降低系统的阻尼比。2质量模型扭振模态的可观性更强，2质量轴系模型对虚拟惯量参数的变化更敏感。3质量模型轴系扭振相较2质量模型变化更大。结论含虚拟惯量控制的2质量轴系模型更适合风机轴系扭振分析。

关键词: 双馈风电机组, 风电并网, 扭振特性, 虚拟惯量控制, 阻尼控制器, 低频振荡, 带通滤波器, 短路故障, 风机轴系, 电网支撑

Abstract:

Objectives Shafting mathematical model of wind turbine is the basis of torsional vibration characteristics analysis. Shafting model is very important for the reliability of analysis results. In order to study the influence of virtual inertia on the torsional vibration characteristics of transmission chain more accurately, the modeling of doubly-fed wind turbine shaft system with virtual inertia control is studied. Methods After the simulation model is determined, a damping controller is designed, which can suppress the torsional vibration of the shafting caused by virtual inertia control. Firstly, by establishing the mathematical model of various shafting, the dynamic model of fan system based on virtual inertia control is established, and the key state variables affecting the torsional vibration characteristics of the shafting are determined by modal analysis method. Secondly, the applicability of different shafting models of wind turbine is studied from two aspects : torsional vibration characteristics of wind turbine with virtual inertia control and dynamic interaction between wind turbine shafting and synchronous machine. Finally, the effectiveness of the conclusion and the damping controller is verified by simulation analysis. Results The use of virtual inertia control can effectively improve the system inertia attenuation caused by wind power grid connection, but it will also reduce the damping ratio of the system. The two-mass model has stronger observability of torsional vibration mode, and the two-mass shafting model is more sensitive to the change of virtual inertia parameters. The torsional vibration of the shafting of the three-mass model changes more than that of the two-mass model. Conclusions The two-mass shaft system model with virtual inertia control is more suitable for torsional vibration analysis of wind turbine shaft systems.

Key words: doubly-fed wind turbine, wind power grid connection, torsional vibration characteristics, virtual inertia control, damping controller, low-frequency oscillation, band-pass filter, shorted fault, wind turbine shaft system, power grid support

中图分类号:

TK 83

孙正龙, 伞吉强. 面向扭振分析的含虚拟惯量双馈风机轴系研究[J]. 发电技术, 2025, 46(2): 314-325.

Zhenglong SUN, Jiqiang SAN. Research on Doubly-Fed Wind Turbine Shaft System With Virtual Inertia for Torsional Vibration Analysis[J]. Power Generation Technology, 2025, 46(2): 314-325.

图/表 24

图1 双馈风电机组结构

Fig. 1 Double-fed wind turbine stucture

图2 轴系3质量模型

Fig. 2 Double-fed wind turbine shaft system three-mass model

图3 3质量模型轴系控制流程

Fig. 3 Three-mass model shaft system control process

图4 双馈风电机组轴系2质量模型

Fig. 4 Double-fed wind turbine shaft system two-mass model

图5 2质量模型轴系控制流程

Fig. 5 Two-mass model shaft system control process

图6 虚拟惯量控制图

Fig. 6 Virtual inertia control chart

图7 含虚拟惯量控制双馈风电机组并网系统

Fig. 7 DFIG wind turbine grid-connected system with virtual inertia control

图8 含虚拟惯量双馈风机轴系与SG并网结构图

Fig. 8 Structural diagram of double-fed fan shaft system and SG grid connection with virtual inertia

图9 并网系统接线图

Fig. 9 Structure of grid-connected system

图10 短路故障后含虚拟惯量系统动态响应曲线

Fig. 10 Dynamic response curve of a system with virtual inertia after a short-circuit fault

图11 仿真系统模型

Fig. 11 Diagram of test system

表1 不同轴系模型的轴系模态

Tab. 1 Axis modalities for different axis system models

轴系系统模型	阻尼比	振荡频率/Hz
2质量块	0.3	2.103
3质量块	0.05	1.686
3质量块	0.12	2.195

表2 不同轴系振荡模态参与因子

Tab. 2 Participation factors of oscillation modes of different axis systems

状态变量	2质量模型轴系模态	3质量模型
状态变量	2质量模型轴系模态	轴系模态1	轴系模态2
dphi23	0	0.012	1
Speed_tur	1	1	0.905
speed_2	0.457	0.511	0.118
dphi12	0.906	0.078	0.013
speed_3	0.013	0.428	0

图12 短路后不含虚拟惯量系统响应曲线

Fig. 12 System response curve after short circuit without virtual inertia

图13 短路故障后不含虚拟惯量轴系扭转角变化

Fig. 13 Torsional angle variation of shafting system without virtual inertia after short-circuit fault

图14 短路故障后含虚拟惯量系统动态响应曲线

Fig. 14 Dynamic response curve of a system with virtual inertia after a short-circuit fault

图15 短路故障后含虚拟惯量时轴系扭转角变化

Fig. 15 Torsional angle variation of shafting system with virtual inertia after short-circuit fault

图16 不同轴系模型的双馈风机转速响应曲线

Fig. 16 DFIG speed response curves for different shaft

图17 不同虚拟惯量参数时3质量模型轴系阻尼比变化

Fig. 17 Change of shaft damping ratio of three-mass model different Kd

图18 不同虚拟惯量参数时2质量模型轴系阻尼比变化

Fig. 18 Change of shaft damping ratio of two-mass model different Kd

图19 不同滤波时间常数下的3质量模型轴系阻尼比变化

Fig. 19 Variation of shaft system damping ratio of 3-mass model under different filter time constants

图20 不同滤波时间常数下的2质量模型轴系阻尼比变化

Fig. 20 Variation of shaft system damping ratio of 2-mass model under different filter time constants

图21 系统频率变化曲线图

Fig. 21 System frequency variation graph

图22 双馈发电机转子转速变化曲线

Fig. 22 Variation curve of rotor speed of doubly-fed generator

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