高参数超超临界燃煤机组汽轮机热力系统优化设计

doi:10.12096/j.2096-4528.pgt.21053

发电技术 ›› 2021, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (4): 480-488.DOI: 10.12096/j.2096-4528.pgt.21053

高参数超超临界燃煤机组汽轮机热力系统优化设计

王婧¹(), 杨金福²^,*(), 段立强¹(), 田李果¹(), 荆雨田¹(), 杨名¹()

¹ 华北电力大学能源动力与机械工程学院, 北京市昌平区 102206
² 中国科学院工程热物理研究所, 北京市海淀区 100190

收稿日期:2021-05-06 出版日期:2021-08-31 发布日期:2021-07-22
通讯作者: 杨金福
作者简介:王婧(1984), 女, 博士研究生, 高级工程师, 主要研究方向为高参数超超临界燃煤机组系统优化, 185831042@qq.com
段立强(1973), 男, 博士, 教授, 主要研究方向为先进能量系统集成与优化, dlq@ncepu.edu.cn
田李果(1996), 男, 硕士研究生, 主要研究方向为高参数超超临界燃煤机组系统优化, 1058413943@qq.com
荆雨田(1995), 男, 硕士研究生, 主要研究方向为高参数超超临界燃煤机组系统优化, 2546443479@qq.com
杨名(1996), 男, 硕士研究生, 主要研究方向为高参数超超临界燃煤机组系统优化, q550434263@163.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFB0602101);国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFB0604404)

Optimal Design of Steam Turbine System for Advanced Ultra-supercritical Double Reheat Coal-fired Units

Jing WANG¹(), Jinfu YANG²^,*(), Liqiang DUAN¹(), Liguo TIAN¹(), Yutian JING¹(), Ming YANG¹()

¹ School of Energy Power and Mechanical Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Changping District, Beijing 102206, China
² Institute of Engineering Thermophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China

Received:2021-05-06 Published:2021-08-31 Online:2021-07-22
Contact: Jinfu YANG
Supported by:
National Key Research and Development Program of China(2017YFB0602101);National Key Research and Development Program of China(2018YFB0604404)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对高参数超超临界燃煤机组背压抽汽汽轮机（backpressure extraction steam turbine，BEST）回热系统设计现状，对比分析了BEST对700℃一次再热与二次再热机组能耗的影响，并基于汽轮机通流与回热系统参数匹配及系统优化方法，提出从整体系统角度出发优化回热系统的思路。结果表明：采用BEST的700℃二次再热机组比一次再热机组煤耗更低，低负荷时节煤优势更明显，在40%负荷时节煤11.7g/（kW·h），采用BEST的700℃二次再热机组比一次再热调峰的经济性更好，700℃一次再热机组更适合高负荷运行的机组；随着负荷的降低，700℃二次再热机组抽汽过热度不断增加，在低负荷时可通过向后调节BEST的抽汽位置来匹配最低煤耗。此外，提出采用回热系统抽汽参数与汽轮机通流参数匹配的方法对机组整体系统进行优化，基于该方法可取消BEST，但需要对汽轮机三缸重新进行负荷分配和通流设计。

关键词: 高参数超超临界燃煤机组, 汽轮机, 二次再热, 回热系统

Abstract:

In view of the current situation of backpressure extraction steam turbine (BEST) regenerative system design for advanced ultra-supercritical coal-fired units, the influence of BEST on energy consumption of 700℃ coal-fired units with single and double reheat system was compared and analyzed. Based on parameter matching and system optimization method of steam turbine flow and regenerative system, the idea of optimizing regenerative system from the system perspective was put forward. The results show that the coal consumption of 700℃ double reheat coal-fired units with BEST is lower than that of single reheat units, and the coal saving advantage is more obvious at low load. The coal saving is 11.7g/(kW·h) at 40% load. 700℃ double reheat units with BEST is more economical for peak adjustment than single reheat units, and 700℃ single reheat units with BEST is more suitable for high load operation units. With the reduction of load, the extraction superheat of 700℃ double reheat units with BEST increases continuously, therefore, the extraction position of BEST can be adjusted backward to match the minimum coal consumption. In addition, a method of matching the extraction parameters of the regenerative system with the flow parameters of the steam turbine was proposed to optimize the whole system of the units. Based on this method, the BEST can be cancelled, but the load distribution and flow design of the three cylinders of the steam turbine need to be redesigned.

Key words: advanced ultra-supercritical coal-fired units, steam turbine, double reheat, regenerative system

中图分类号:

TK26

王婧, 杨金福, 段立强, 田李果, 荆雨田, 杨名. 高参数超超临界燃煤机组汽轮机热力系统优化设计[J]. 发电技术, 2021, 42(4): 480-488.

Jing WANG, Jinfu YANG, Liqiang DUAN, Liguo TIAN, Yutian JING, Ming YANG. Optimal Design of Steam Turbine System for Advanced Ultra-supercritical Double Reheat Coal-fired Units[J]. Power Generation Technology, 2021, 42(4): 480-488.

图/表 13

图1 方案1的热力系统配置

Fig.1 Thermal system configuration of scheme 1

表1 方案1的抽汽参数

Tab. 1 Steam extraction parameters of scheme 1

抽汽级数	抽汽压力/MPa	抽汽温度/℃	过热度/℃	抽汽级数	抽汽压力/MPa	抽汽温度/℃	过热度/℃
1	10.240	485.05	172.47	6	0.760	169.38	1.29
2	7.570	442.23	151.20	7	0.320	250.46	114.93
3	4.140	359.07	106.68	8	0.100	140.01	39.96
4	2.610	299.57	73.44	9	0.040	75.58	0.00
5	1.640	247.32	44.91	10	0.017	56.89	0.00

图2 方案2热力系统配置

Fig.2 Thermal system configuration of scheme 2

表2 方案2回热抽汽参数

Tab. 2 Steam extraction parameters of scheme 2

抽汽级数	抽汽压力/MPa	抽汽温度/℃	过热度/℃
1	8.850	457.80	155.80
2	6.000	402.40	126.90
3	3.700	336.40	90.70
4	2.500	287.40	63.50
5	1.560	234.00	33.85
6	0.810	170.80	0.80
7	0.440	147.00	0.00
8	0.130	354.90	247.90
9	0.064	262.90	175.30
10	0.024	152.20	88.20

表3 700 ℃一次再热与二次再热机组在不同工况下的单耗和节煤量

Tab. 3 Coal consumption and coal saving of 700 ℃ units with single and double reheat under different conditions g/(kW·h)

工况	发电煤耗		节煤量
工况	700 ℃一次再热机组	700 ℃二次再热机组	节煤量
THA	233.66	233.50	0.15
75%THA	241.67	240.49	1.17
50%THA	253.37	246.14	7.23
40%THA	261.72	250.02	11.70

表4 700 ℃一次再热与二次再热机组在不同工况下锅炉的附加单耗和节煤量

Tab. 4 Additional coal consumption and coal saving of boilers for 700 ℃ units with single and double reheat under different conditions g/(kW·h)

工况	附加单耗		节煤量
工况	700 ℃一次再热机组	700 ℃二次再热机组	节煤量
THA	102.84	102.27	0.57
75%THA	107.92	105.34	2.58
50%THA	116.52	109.34	7.18
40%THA	122.6	112.11	10.49

表5 700 ℃一次再热与二次再热机组在不同工况下汽轮机能耗

Tab. 5 Energy consumption of 700 ℃ units with single and double reheat under different conditions g/(kW·h)

工况	机组	附加单耗					汽轮机总附加单耗
工况	机组	超高压缸	高压缸	中压缸	低压缸	回热汽轮机	汽轮机总附加单耗
THA	一次再热	—	1.490	1.730	4.180	0.280	7.680
THA	二次再热	1.106	0.922	1.073	2.913	0.306	6.320
75%THA	一次再热	—	1.180	1.760	4.070	0.260	7.270
75%THA	二次再热	1.126	0.932	1.089	2.874	0.294	6.315
50%THA	一次再热	—	2.190	1.840	3.970	0.230	8.230
50%THA	二次再热	1.131	0.937	1.110	2.742	0.272	6.193
40%THA	一次再热	—	2.990	1.900	3.940	0.210	9.040
40%THA	二次再热	1.137	0.946	1.129	2.676	0.262	6.149

图3 700 ℃一次再热与二次再热机组在不同工况下汽轮机能耗分布

Fig.3 Energy consumption distribution of 700 ℃ units with single and double reheat under different conditions

表6 700 ℃一次再热与二次再热机组回热加热器在不同工况下的附加单耗

Tab. 6 Additional coal consumption of regenerative heater for 700 ℃ units with single and double reheat under different conditions g/(kW·h)

工况	附加单耗		节煤量
工况	700 ℃一次再热机组	700 ℃二次再热机组	节煤量
THA	2.280	2.870	−0.590
75%THA	2.180	2.773	−0.593
50%THA	2.310	2.669	−0.359
40%THA	2.500	2.664	−0.164

图4 700 ℃一次再热机组在不同工况下各级抽汽的过热度

Fig.4 Steam extraction superheat of 700 ℃ single reheat units under different conditions

图5 700 ℃二次再热机组变工况下各级抽汽的过热度

Fig.5 Steam extraction superheat of 700 ℃ double reheat units under different conditions

图6 700 ℃一次再热与二次再热机组在不同工况下各级抽汽的平均过热度

Fig.6 Average steam extraction superheat of 700℃ units with single and double reheat under different conditions

表7 700 ℃二次再热机组BEST不同抽汽压力下机组单耗

Tab. 7 Coal consumption of 700 ℃ double reheat units under different extraction pressures of BEST

工况	不同抽汽压力下煤耗/[g/(kW·h)]
工况	7.3 MPa	3.2 MPa	2.5 MPa
THA	233.50	236.23	236.11
75%THA	240.49	241.38	241.35
50%THA	246.14	246.56	246.43
40%THA	250.02	249.98	250.45

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高参数超超临界燃煤机组汽轮机热力系统优化设计

Optimal Design of Steam Turbine System for Advanced Ultra-supercritical Double Reheat Coal-fired Units

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