蒸发冷却空气参数计算及其在湿式蒸发冷却塔节水节能中的应用

doi:10.12096/j.2096-4528.pgt.21033

发电技术 ›› 2021, Vol. 42 ›› Issue (5): 604-613.DOI: 10.12096/j.2096-4528.pgt.21033

蒸发冷却空气参数计算及其在湿式蒸发冷却塔节水节能中的应用

王志明¹(), 潘欣全²(), 何伟男¹(), 谭益坤³(), 赵元宾³^,*()

¹ 深圳中广核工程设计有限公司, 广东省深圳市 518057
² 中国广核新能源控股有限公司, 广东省深圳市 518057
³ 山东大学能源与动力工程学院, 山东省济南市 250061

收稿日期:2021-04-25 出版日期:2021-10-31 发布日期:2021-10-13
通讯作者: 赵元宾
作者简介:王志明(1972), 男, 高级工程师, 主要研究方向为核电热能动力与新能源节能环保技术, wangzhiming@cgnpc.com.cn
潘欣全(1971), 男, 高级工程师, 主要研究方向为安全管理与应急管理, 705853343@qq.com
何伟男(1988), 男, 工程师, 主要研究方向为核电厂汽轮机本体系统设计与新能源系统设计, heweinan@cgnpc.com.cn
谭益坤(1995), 男, 硕士研究生, 主要研究方向为高效换热器的设计与优化, 1031216147@qq.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(51606112);广东省重点领域研发计划(2019B111109001)

Calculation of Evaporative Cooling Air Parameters and Relevant Applications in Wet Evaporative Cooing Tower Water and Energy Saving

Zhiming WANG¹(), Xinquan PAN²(), Weinan HE¹(), Yikun TAN³(), Yuanbin ZHAO³^,*()

¹ China Nuclear Power Design Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518057, Guangdong Province, China
² GGN New Energy Holdings Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518057, Guangdong Province, China
³ School of Energy and Power Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, Guangdong Province, China

Received:2021-04-25 Published:2021-10-31 Online:2021-10-13
Contact: Yuanbin ZHAO
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(51606112);Research and Development Plan in Key Areas of Guangdong Province(2019B111109001)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

针对湿式蒸发冷却塔蒸发量大、排污量大、冬季雾羽大等弊端，介绍了盘管型、填料型及复合型蒸发冷却塔气—水两相传热传质计算公式，阐明了气—水传热传质过程空气温度、湿度、焓值等参数精确计算方法。结合实时进塔空气温度、含湿量和质量流量，计算同一时间段的循环水蒸发量、排污量和补水量，结果表明：在相同相对湿度下，干球温度34℃对应的循环水蒸发量、补水量比干球温度20℃对应的量减小15%；在相同湿球温度下，干球温度34℃对应的循环水蒸发量、补水量比干球温度20℃对应的量增大48.8%。因此，蒸发冷却过程中空气参数的精确计算可实现湿式蒸发冷却塔蒸发量、补水量及排污量的实时计算及调节，并进而推进其节水消雾和节能减排优化。

关键词: 湿式蒸发冷却塔, 热质交换, 节水优化, 节能减排, 消雾特性

Abstract:

In view of the disadvantages of wet evaporative cooling tower such as large water evaporation, large sewage discharge, and large fog plume in winter, this paper summarized the calculation formulas of air parameters in the air-water two-phase heat and mass transfer for the coil type, the filling type and composite type evaporative cooling tower. Combined with real-time inlet air temperature, moisture content and mass flow, the accurate calculation method of air temperature, moisture content, enthalpy and other parameters in the process of air-water heat and mass transfer were further clarified. The water evaporation rate, discharge rate and water saving amount were calculated at the same time period. The calculation results show that under the same inlet air relative humidity, the water evaporation rate and make-up rate corresponding to dry bulb temperature of 34℃ are 15% less than those corresponding to dry bulb temperature of 20℃. Under the same wet bulb temperature, the water evaporation rate and make-up water rate corresponding to dry bulb temperature of 34℃ increase by 48.8% than that corresponding to dry bulb temperature of 20℃. Therefore, the accurate calculation of air parameters in the evaporative cooling process, could avail the real-time calculation and regulation of evaporation rate, water make-up rate, discharge rate, and promote the optimization of water saving, plume abatement, energy saving and discharge reduction for wet evaporative cooling tower.

Key words: wet evaporative cooling tower, heat and mass transfer, water saving optimization, energy saving and discharge reduction, plume abatement characteristics

中图分类号:

王志明, 潘欣全, 何伟男, 谭益坤, 赵元宾. 蒸发冷却空气参数计算及其在湿式蒸发冷却塔节水节能中的应用[J]. 发电技术, 2021, 42(5): 604-613.

Zhiming WANG, Xinquan PAN, Weinan HE, Yikun TAN, Yuanbin ZHAO. Calculation of Evaporative Cooling Air Parameters and Relevant Applications in Wet Evaporative Cooing Tower Water and Energy Saving[J]. Power Generation Technology, 2021, 42(5): 604-613.

图/表 8

图1 纯填料湿式冷却塔的结构图

Fig.1 Structure diagram of a wet cooling tower with pure fillers

图2 纯盘管闭式冷却塔的结构图

Fig.2 Structure diagram of a closed cooling tower with a pure tube

图3 复合式闭式冷却塔的结构图

Fig.3 Structure diagram of a hybrid closed cooling tower

图4 自然通风湿式冷却塔的结构图

Fig.4 Structure diagram of natural ventilation wet cooling tower

图5 盘管换热器的热质交换模型图

Fig.5 Heat and mass exchange model of tube heat exchanger

图6 填料层的热质交换模型

Fig.6 Heat and mass exchange model of packed layer

表1 相对湿度恒定时进塔空气干球温度提高对循环水蒸发量、补水量的影响

Tab. 1 Influence of increasing air dry bulb temperature into the tower on the evaporation and replenishment of circulating water under constant relative humidity

状态点	空气干球温度/℃	空气湿球温度/℃	相对湿度/%	出塔空气温度/℃	出塔空气含湿量/(g/kg)	蒸发量/(kg/h)	补水量/(kg/h)
1	20	15.10	60	28.78	22.72	1 242.6	1 553.25
2	22	16.82	60	29.38	23.74	1 227.0	1 533.75
3	24	18.55	60	30.03	24.88	1 209.0	1 511.25
4	26	20.28	60	30.69	26.09	1 184.3	1 480.38
5	28	22.01	60	31.39	27.41	1 155.5	1 444.38
6	30	23.75	60	32.19	29.00	1 133.7	1 417.13
7	32	25.49	60	33.00	30.68	1 102.7	1 378.38
8	34	27.23	60	33.78	32.39	1 056.2	1 320.25

表2 湿球温度恒定时进塔空气干球温度提高对循环水蒸发量、补水量的影响

Tab. 2 Influence of increasing air dry bulb temperature into the tower on the evaporation and replenishment of circulating water under constant wet ball temperature

状态点	空气干球温度/℃	空气湿球温度/℃	相对湿度/%	出塔空气温度/℃	出塔空气含湿量/(g/kg)	蒸发量/(kg/h)	补水量/(kg/h)
1	20	18	82.7	29.89	24.66	1 104.8	1 381.00
2	22	18	68.2	29.94	24.72	1 182.9	1 478.63
3	24	18	56.0	29.98	24.77	1 260.7	1 575.88
4	26	18	45.8	30.02	24.83	1 338.0	1 672.50
5	28	18	37.3	30.07	24.90	1 416.1	1 770.13
6	30	18	30.1	30.11	24.96	1 492.9	1 866.14
7	32	18	24.1	30.14	25.01	1 568.3	1 960.38
8	34	18	19.1	30.17	25.08	1 644.4	2 055.50

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蒸发冷却空气参数计算及其在湿式蒸发冷却塔节水节能中的应用

Calculation of Evaporative Cooling Air Parameters and Relevant Applications in Wet Evaporative Cooing Tower Water and Energy Saving

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