VSC-HVDC稳定控制研究

doi:10.12096/j.2096-4528.pgt.18199

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于电压源换流器（voltage-source converter，VSC）的高压直流输电系统（high voltage direct current，HVDC）拥有良好的有功无功功率控制能力以及更适合构成多端输电系统的优势，目前被认为是极具潜力的输电方式。柔性直流输电系统的控制及稳定性是影响输电系统运行安全和性能的重要因素。针对柔性直流输电系统的研究，首先概述了两端柔性直流输电系统的拓扑及其解耦控制和附加控制方式，然后从基本的两端拓扑结构延伸到多端输电系统拓扑和混合输电系统拓扑，着重分析了多端系统的下垂控制、故障穿越能力和混合直流输电系统的控制，接着又讨论了风电接入之下的柔性直流输电系统的稳定性及控制，可为今后相关研究提供参考。

关键词: VSC-HVDC, 拓扑结构, 解耦控制, 下垂控制, 故障穿越, 风电并网

Abstract:

Voltage source converter based high voltage direct current (VSC-HVDC) transmission systems has the advantages of good active and reactive power control capability and more suitable for multi-terminal transmission system. It is considered as a potential transmission mode. Research on control and stability of VSC-HVDC is an important factor affecting the safety and performance of transmission system. Aiming at the study of control strategies of VSC-HVDC systems, the topologies and decoupling and additional control methods of VSC-HVDC were analyzed. Then it extends from the basic two-terminal topologies to the multi-terminal and hybrid topologies, focus on the droop control, fault ride through capability of VSC-MTDC and control of hybrid direct current transmission system. Next, this paper discussed the stability and control schemes of VSC-HVDC for wind power integration, which will provide reference for future research.

Key words: voltage source converter based high voltage direct current (VSC-HVDC), topology, decoupling control, droop control, fault ride through, wind power integration

吴明哲,陈武晖. VSC-HVDC稳定控制研究[J]. 发电技术, 2019, 40(1): 28-39.

Mingzhe WU,Wuhui CHEN. Overview of Research on Stability and Control of VSC-HVDC[J]. Power Generation Technology, 2019, 40(1): 28-39.

参考文献

1	邱晓燕, 沙熠, 宁雪姣, 等. 大规模风电接入的智能电网多类型柔性负荷分级优化调度[J]. 高电压技术, 2016, 42 (7): 2084- 2091.
2	李兴源, 曾琦, 王渝红, 等. 柔性直流输电系统控制研究综述[J]. 高电压技术, 2016, 42 (10): 3025- 3037.
3	Wang Y , Yuan Z , Fu J , et al. A feasible coordination protection strategy for MMC-MTDC systems under DC faults[J]. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 2017, 90, 103- 111.
4	安婷, Bjarne, Andersen, 等. 中欧高压直流电网技术论坛综述[J]. 电网技术, 2017, 41 (8): 2407- 2416.
5	汤广福, 贺之渊, 庞辉. 柔性直流输电技术在全球能源互联网中的应用探讨[J]. 智能电网, 2016, 4 (2): 116- 123.
6	汤广福. 基于电压源换流器的高压直流输电技术[M]. 北京: 中国电力出版社, 2009.
7	何朝荣, 李兴源, 金小明, 等. 高压直流输电系统换相失败的判断标准[J]. 电网技术, 2006, 30 (22): 19- 23.
8	张庆武, 陈乐, 鲁江, 等. 直流输电控制策略对换相失败影响的比较研究[J]. 电工电能新技术, 2015, (7): 53- 57.
9	罗隆福, 雷园园, 李勇, 等. 定熄弧角控制器对直流输电系统的影响分析[J]. 电力系统及其自动化学报, 2009, 21 (5): 97- 103.
10	Rahimi E, Gole A M, Davies J B, et al.Commutation failure in single-and multi-infeed HVDC systems[C]//The IEEE international conference on AC and DC Power Transmission.London, UK, 2006: 182-186.
11	刘建, 李兴源, 吴冲, 等. HVDC系统换相失败的临界指标[J]. 电网技术, 2009, 33 (8): 8- 12.
12	Schettler F, Huang H, Christl N.HVDC transmission systems using voltage sourced converters design and applications[C]//2000 Power Engineering Society Summer Meeting, IEEE.Seattle USA, 2000, 2: 715-720.
13	Zhang L , Zou Y , Yu J , et al. Modeling, control, and protection of modular multilevel converter-based multi-terminal HVDC systems:A review[J]. CSEE Journal of Power & Energy Systems, 2017, 3 (4): 340- 352.
14	赵成勇, 孙营, 李广凯. 双馈入直流输电系统中VSC-HVDC的控制策略[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2008, 28 (7): 97- 103.
15	明战起, 石新春, 周国梁. 有功功率无功功率独立控制的VSC-HVDC系统仿真研究[J]. 电力科学与工程, 2008, 24 (4): 9- 12.
16	李英彪, 梁军, 吴广禄, 等. 多电压等级直流电力系统发展与挑战[J]. 发电技术, 2018, 39 (2): 118- 128.
17	黄强, 邹贵彬, 高磊. 基于HB-MMC的直流电网直流线路保护技术研究综述[J]. 电网技术, 2018, 42 (9): 2830- 2840.
18	邹丹, 艾欣, 王奥, 等. 三端背靠背柔性直流输电的虚拟同步发电机控制策略及其在配电网中的应用[J]. 发电技术, 2018, 39 (3): 233- 239.
19	赵成勇. 柔性直流输电建模和仿真技术[M]. 北京: 中国电力出版社, 2014.
20	Pan J, Nuqui R, Srivastava K, et al.AC grid with embedded VSC-HVDC for secure and efficient power delivery[C]//Energy 2030 Conference, Atlanta, GA USA, 2008.
21	徐政, 陈海荣. 电压源换流器型直流输电技术综述[J]. 高电压技术, 2007, 33 (1): 1- 10.
22	李一然, 杜诗瑶, 傅琪雯, 等. VSC-HVDC轻型直流输电PQ解耦研究与仿真[J]. 煤矿现代化, 2017, (6): 89- 93.
23	Yan Z, Xue Y, Zhang X P.PI parameters determination in dq decoupling control of VSC terminals[C]//IET International Conference on AC and DC Power Transmission.Manchester, UK, 2017.
24	Khatir M , Zidi S A , Fellah M K , et al. The impact study of a statcom on commutation failures in an HVDC inverter feeding a weak AC system[J]. Journal of Electrical Engineering, 2012, 63 (2): 95- 102.
25	Tang L , Ooi B T . Elimination of "harmonic transfer through converters" in VSC-Based multiterminal DC systems by AC/DC decoupling[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 2007, 23 (1): 402- 409.
26	陈谦, 李冲, 金宇清, 等. 基于并网型VSC解耦模型的控制器参数优化[J]. 高电压技术, 2014, 40 (8): 2478- 2484.
27	余瑜, 刘开培, 杨洁, 等. 向无源网络供电的多端混合直流输电系统小信号模型及解耦控制[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2016, 36 (1): 76- 86.
28	吴志远, 殷正刚, 唐西胜. 混合电网的交直流解耦潮流算法[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2016, 36 (4): 937- 944.
29	Chen H.Research on the control strategy of VSC based HVDC system supplying passive network[C]//Power & Energy Society General Meeting, Calgary, Canada, 2009.
30	Bao J, Gao Z, Yu L, et al.Research on dynamic model and decoupling control strategy of VSC-HVDC system[C]//International Conference on Electrical Machines and Systems.Beijing, China, 2011.
31	郭磊, 张英敏, 李兴源. 应用于VSC-HVDC解耦和谐波抑制的控制策略[J]. 电测与仪表, 2016, 53 (2): 34- 39.
32	郭春义, 宁琳如, 刘炜, 等. 基于频率同步控制的VSC-HVDC在弱交流系统下的动态特性研究[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2017, 37 (15): 4344- 4354.
33	Pipelzadeh Y , Chaudhuri N R , Chaudhuri B , et al. Coordinated control of offshore wind farm and onshore HVDC converter for effective power oscillation damping[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 2016, 32 (3): 1860- 1872.
34	Orellana L, Matilla V, Wang S, et al.Fast frequency support control in the GB power system using VSC-HVDC technology[C]//Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference Europe.Torino, Italy, 2018.
35	Dai J , Phulpin Y , Sarlette A , et al. Coordinated primary frequency control among non-synchronous systems connected by a multi-terminal high-voltage direct current grid[J]. IET Generation Transmission & Distribution, 2012, 6 (2): 99- 108.
36	王烨, 宁琳如, 赵成勇, 等. VSC-HVDC联接弱交流系统下的新型附加频率阻尼控制方法[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2018, 38 (10): 2989- 2998.
37	徐友平, 张珂, 潘晓杰, 等. 渝鄂背靠背柔性直流附加阻尼控制策略研究[J]. 电力系统保护与控制, 2016, 44 (18): 163- 169.
38	李云丰, 汤广福, 吴亚楠, 等. 直流电网建模分析与阻尼控制研究[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2017, 37 (12): 3372- 3382.
39	汤广福, 罗湘, 魏晓光. 多端直流输电与直流电网技术[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2013, 33 (10): 8- 17.
40	徐殿国, 刘瑜超, 武健. 多端直流输电系统控制研究综述[J]. 电工技术学报, 2015, 30 (17): 1- 12.
41	Chang B, Cwikowski O, Pei X, et al. Impact of fault current limiter on VSC-HVDC DC protection[C]//12th IET International Conference on AC and DC Power Transmission.Beijing, China, 2016.
42	张志轩, 刘开培, 王坤, 等. 含VSC-MTDC的交直流混联电力系统暂态稳定评估[J]. 电测与仪表, 2018, 55 (1): 40- 45.
43	Chang B, Cwikowski O, Barnes M, et al.Multi-terminal VSC-HVDC pole-to-pole fault analysis and fault recovery study[C]//11th IET International Conference on AC and DC Power Transmission. Birmingham, UK, 2015: 1-8.
44	Yongsheng Y, Yanhui F, Hongxin J, et al.Research on VSC-MTDC for grid integration of wind farm[C]//International Conference on Renewable Power Generation (RPG 2015).Beijing, China, 2015.
45	韩民晓, 熊凌飞, 丁辉. 利用电压倾斜控制的VSC-MTDC稳定性分析[J]. 电网技术, 2015, 39 (7): 1808- 1813.
46	Fu Y, Wang Y, Luo Y, et al.Interconnection of wind farms with grid using a MTDC network[C]//IECON 2012, Conference on IEEE Industrial Electronics Society.Montreal, Canada, 2012: 1031-1036.
47	Kavya P S, Manohar P.Comparison of controllers of hybrid HVDC link in multi-infeed application[C]//2018 International Conference on Power, Signals, Control and Computation (EPSCICON).IEEE, 2018: 1-6.
48	Ndreko M, Popov M, van der Meijden M A M M.Short circuit current contribution from MTdc grids to the AC power system under AC system faulted conditions[C]//11th International IET Conference on ACDC Power Transmission.Birmingham, UK, 2015.
49	Han M, Wang H, Guo X.Control strategy research of LCC based multiterminal HVDC system[C]//IEEE International Conference on Power System Technology.IEEE, Auckland, New Zealand, 2012: 1-5.
50	Jiang B K, Wang Z X.Study on an improved DC voltage slope control strategy for VSC-MTDC[C]//IEEE, International Conference on Power and Energy Systems.Toronto, Canada, 2017.
51	Ran X , Miao S , Wu Y . Improved adaptive droop control design for optimal power sharing in VSC-MTDC integrating wind farms[J]. Energies, 2015, 8 (7): 7100- 7121.
52	Zhao X , Li K . Droop setting design for multi-terminal HVDC grids considering voltage deviation impacts[J]. Electric Power Systems Research, 2015, 123 (6): 67- 75.
53	Prietto-Araujo E , Bianchi F D , Junyent-Ferre A , et al. Methodology for droop control dynamic analysis of multiterminal VSC-HVDC grids for offshore wind farms[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 2011, 26 (4): 2476- 2485.
54	Avendano-Mora M, Barnes M, Chan J Y. Comparison of control strategies for multiterminal VSC-HVDC systems for offshore wind farm integration[C]//IET International Conference on Power Electronics, Machines and Drives.Manchester, UK, 2014: 195-196.
55	Beerten J , Belmans R . Analysis of power sharing and voltage deviations in droop-controlled DC grids[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 2013, 28 (4): 4588- 4597.
56	Agbemuko A, Ndreko M, Popov M, et al.A knowledge-based approach to voltage and power control in HV-MTDC grids[C]//2017 IEEE Pes Innovative Smart Grid Technologies Conference Europe.Torino, Italy, 2017: 1-6.
57	孙黎霞, 陈宇, 宋洪刚, 等. 适用于VSC-MTDC的改进直流电压下垂控制策略[J]. 电网技术, 2016, 40 (4): 1037- 1043.
58	Lianhui N, Chunxiao X, Huiyuan B, et al.The amelioration of control strategy of VSC-MTDC based on voltage droop control[C]//20172nd International Conference on Power and Renewable Energy (ICPRE).Chengdu, China, IEEE, 2017: 157-161.
59	Zhang M , Xu Y , Wang Z , et al. Improved droop control strategy for stability enhancement of VSC-MTDC systems with DC reactors[J]. The Journal of Engineering, 2017, 2017 (14): 2598- 2604.
60	Wang W , Li Y , Cao Y , et al. Adaptive droop control of VSC-MTDC system for frequency support and power sharing[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 2018, 33 (2): 1264- 1274.
61	刘天琪, 陶艳, 李保宏. 风电场经MMC-MTDC系统并网的几个关键问题[J]. 电网技术, 2017, 41 (10): 3251- 3260.
62	邵冰冰, 韩民晓, 郭抒颖, 等. 多端柔性直流输电系统交流侧故障穿越功率协调控制[J]. 电力建设, 2017, 38 (8): 109- 117.
63	Li J, Li Y, Wang W, et al. Fault ride through strategy of VSC-MTDC system connected with offshore wind farms[C]//201813th IEEE Conference on Industrial Electronics and Applications (ICIEA).Wuhan, China, 2018.
64	赵越, 石立宝, 姚良忠, 等. 海上风电直流输电系统断线故障保护及恢复策略[J]. 电网技术, 2017, 41 (6): 1703- 1709.
65	江斌开, 王志新. 基于VSC-MTDC的平均值建模与控制策略[J]. 电机与控制学报, 2018, 22 (3): 1- 8.
66	Yang M, Xie D, Zhu H, et al.Architectures and control for multi-terminal DC (MTDC) distribution network-a review[C]//IET International Conference on AC and DC Power Transmission.Birmingham, UK, 2015: 1-7.
67	王永平, 赵文强, 杨建明, 等. 混合直流输电技术及发展分析[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2017, 41 (7): 156- 167.
68	Davidson C C.A new hybrid voltage-sourced converter topology for HVDC[C]//Cigre Session, Paris, France: CIGRE, 2010: 1-10.
69	De Boeck S, Tielens P, Leterme W, et al.Configurations and earthing of HVDC grids[C]//Power and Energy Society General Meeting (PES), 2013 IEEE.Vancouver, Canada, 2013.
70	赵成勇, 郭春义, 刘文静. 混合直流输电[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2014.
71	Cardenas H, Zhang L, Noel J.Improvement on energy trade capacity for asynchronous power system by application of hybrid multi-infeed direct current transmission system[C]//2017 IEEE URUCON. Montevideo, Uruguay, 2017.
72	刘杉, 余军, 贺之渊, 等. 基于VSC与LCC混合的多点传输直流输电系统拓扑结构研究与特性分析[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2018, 38 (10): 2980- 2988.
73	郭春义, 殷子寒, 王烨, 等. LCC-MMC型混合直流输电系统小干扰模型[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2018, 38 (16): 4705- 4714.
74	Guo C , Zhang Y , Gole A M , et al. Analysis of dual-infeed HVDC with LCC-HVDC and VSC-HVDC[J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 2012, 27 (3): 1529- 1537.
75	Song S, Guo R, Chen F, et al.A real-time power flow optimal control method for hybrid AC/DC power systems with VSC-HVDC[C]//International Conference on Smart Grid and Electrical Automation.Zhangjiajie, China, IEEE, 2016: 26-30.
76	Manohar P, Kelamane V, Kaushik D, et al.Improved controls for LCC-VSC hybrid HVDC system[C]//International Conference on Circuits, Controls and Communications.Bangalore, India, 2014.
77	陈东, 许冬, 韩民晓, 等. 混合多端直流输电系统的损耗优化控制[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2018, 42 (10): 100- 105.
78	郭春义, 赵成勇, 彭茂兰, 等. 一种具有直流故障穿越能力的混合直流输电系统[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2015, 35 (17): 4345- 4352.
79	Shilpa G, Manohar P.Hybrid HVDC system for multi-infeed applications[C]//2013 International Conference on Emerging Trends in Communication, Control, Signal Processing & Computing Applications (C2SPCA), Bangalore, India, 2013.
80	刘炜, 赵成勇, 郭春义, 等. 混合双馈入直流系统中LCC-HVDC对VSC-HVDC稳态运行区域的影响[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2017, (13): 3764- 3774.
81	倪晓军, 郭春义, 赵成勇, 等. LCC-HVDC直流控制模式对混合双馈入直流系统运行特性的影响[J]. 电网与清洁能源, 2017, 33 (1): 24- 30.
82	Yu Y, Lu Y, Chen Q.Internal model startup control for VSC-LCC based hybrid pseudo bipolar HVDC system[C]//2nd International Conference on Power and Renewable Energy (ICPRE), Chengdu, China, 2017.
83	王振, 蒋碧松, 杨治中, 等. 背靠背混合直流的无功协调控制策略研究[J]. 中国电力, 2017, 50 (6): 101- 107.
84	Guo C, Zhao C, Gole A, et al.Apparent increase in short circuit ratio (AISCR) as a measure of the impact of VSC converters on LCC converters in multi-infeed HVDC systems with VSC and LCC infeeds[C]//IET International Conference on AC and DC Power Transmission.Birmingham, UK, 2012: 1-5.
85	吴亚楠, 安婷, 庞辉, 等. LCC/VSC混合直流电网模型研究[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2016, 36 (8): 2077- 2083.
86	Glasdam J, Hjerrild J, Kocewiak L H, et al.Review on multi-level voltage source converter based HVDC technologies for grid connection of large offshore wind farms[C]//IEEE International Conference on Power System Technology.Auckland, New Zealand, IEEE, 2012: 1-6.
87	樊新东, 杨秀媛, 金鑫城. 风电场有功功率控制综述[J]. 发电技术, 2018, 39 (3): 268- 276.
88	Bianchi F D , Domínguez-García J L , Gomis-Bellmunt O . Control of multi-terminal HVDC networks towards wind power integration:A review[J]. Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2016, 55 (3): 1055- 1068.
89	Shi G, Cai X, Sun C, et al.All-DC offshore wind farm with parallel connection: An overview[C]//12th IET International Conference on AC and DC Power Transmission, Beijing, China, 2016.
90	王锡凡, 卫晓辉, 宁联辉, 等. 海上风电并网与输送方案比较[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2014, 34 (31): 5459- 5466.
91	Li Y, Sun W, Chi Y N, et al.Research on offshore wind farm VSC-HVDC transmission system fault ride through issue[C]//International Conference on Power System Technology.Chengdu, China, 2014: 2190-2195.
92	Erlich I, Paz B, Zadeh M K, et al.Overvoltage phenomena in offshore wind farms following blocking of the HVDC converter[C]//2016 IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting.Boston, USA, 2016: 1-5.
93	唐西胜, 陆海洋. 风电柔性直流并网及调频控制对电力系统功角稳定性的影响[J]. 中国电机工程学报, 2017, 37 (14): 4027- 4035.
94	王伟, 石新春, 付超, 等. 海上多端直流输电系统协调控制研究[J]. 电网技术, 2014, 38 (1): 8- 15.
95	章心因, 胡敏强, 吴在军, 等. 基于VSC-HVDC的风力发电系统低电压穿越协调控制[J]. 电力自动化设备, 2014, 34 (3): 138- 143.
96	田园园, 廖清芬, 刘涤尘, 等. 基于VSC-HVDC的风电分散并网下垂控制策略[J]. 电力系统自动化, 2016, (3): 103- 109.
97	李响, 韩民晓. 海上风电串联多端VSC-HVDC协调控制策略[J]. 电工技术学报, 2013, 28 (5): 42- 48.
98	Shi G, Wu G, Cai X, et al.Coordinated control of multi-terminal VSC-HVDC transmission for large offshore wind farms[C]//Proceedings of The 7th International Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference.Harbin, China, 2012: 1278-1282.
99	Abdelwahed M A, El-Saadany E.Converter outage fault ride-through control strategy for offshore MT-HVDC network[C]//2016 IEEE Canadian Conference on Electrical and Computer Engineering, Vancouver, BC, Canada, 2016.

[1]	方健, 李辉. 基于状态重构准谐振扩张状态观测器的LCL型并网逆变器电流控制策略研究[J]. 发电技术, 2024, 45(1): 170-179.
[2]	孔令国, 宫健, 杨士慧, 倪德富, 王士博, 刘闯. DC/DC隔离型制氢电源发展现状与趋势[J]. 发电技术, 2023, 44(4): 443-451.
[3]	刘晓明, 谭祖贶, 袁振华, 刘玉田. 柔性直流接入海上风电并网选址综合优化[J]. 发电技术, 2022, 43(6): 892-900.
[4]	余潇, 卜广全, 王姗姗. 风电经柔直孤岛送出交流暂态过电压抑制策略研究[J]. 发电技术, 2022, 43(4): 618-625.
[5]	杨万开, 王兴国, 王书扬. 渝鄂柔性直流输电接入电网高频谐振与抑制分析[J]. 发电技术, 2022, 43(3): 492-500.
[6]	杨舟, 杨仁炘, 施刚, 张建文. 一种用于多端直流输电系统交流故障穿越的新型控制策略[J]. 发电技术, 2022, 43(2): 268-277.
[7]	李靖, 王志和, 倪浩. 基于改进下垂控制的直流微网运行研究[J]. 发电技术, 2021, 42(6): 765-774.
[8]	张斌,张超,韩晓娟. 含规模化风电并网的负荷频率云PI控制策略研究[J]. 发电技术, 2019, 40(6): 516-520.