基于发电机运行实际的电力系统日前动态无功优化研究

doi:10.12096/j.2096-4528.pgt.20046

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了解决日前动态无功优化中发电机安全运行极限以及控制设备动作次数约束取值的电力系统调度实际问题，根据发电机运行的极限输出范围，把发电机运行的区域划分为3个区，并建立分段PQ数学模型，将日前全天负荷分为24个时段，并对有载调压变压器和并联电容器组联动次数加以限制，建立完整的非线性混合整数动态无功优化模型。仿真结果表明：尤其在发电机进相运行时，所提出数学模型能有效调节发电机的出力，符合机组运行的实际状况；提高控制设备动作次数可减少全网有功功率损耗，但同时频繁的操作会大大提高设备的故障概率，有必要在网损可信接受的范围内寻找合适的联动次数约束值，节约电网实际运行的综合成本，保障电网经济、安全运行。

关键词: 动态无功优化, 发电机安全运行极限, 内点法, 电力系统调度

Abstract:

In order to solve the practical problem of 24-hours dynamic reactive power optimization in power system dispatching, this paper divided generator's operation into three regions in PQ mathematical model, according to the limit output range of generator's operation. Moreover, the action times of discrete control equipment were taken as global inequality constraints, and a complete 24-hours non-linear mixed integer dynamic reactive power optimization mathematical model was established. The simulation results show that the mathematical model in this paper can adjust the output of generators according to the actual situation effectively when the generators are in phase-leading operation. In addition, increasing the number of control equipment's action can reduce the loss of active power in the whole network, but at the same time, the frequent operation will greatly increase the probability of failure of equipment. It is necessary for us to find the appropriate constraints of the action number within the range of reliable acceptance of network losses, so as to save the comprehensive cost of the actual power grid operation.

Key words: dynamic reactive power optimization, generator safe operating limit, interior point method, power system dispatching

中图分类号:

TM74

陆彬, 高山, 李德胜. 基于发电机运行实际的电力系统日前动态无功优化研究[J]. 发电技术, 2021, 42(1): 122-130.

Bin LU, Shan GAO, Desheng LI. Research on Day Ahead Dynamic Reactive Power Optimization Based on Generator Operation[J]. Power Generation Technology, 2021, 42(1): 122-130.

图/表 12

表1 算法比较结果

Tab. 1 Comparison of algorithm results

参数	原对偶内点法		PSO
参数	二次罚函数	SHIN罚函数	PSO
迭代次数	71	86	224
计算时间/s	60.6	70.3	5 117.4
网损值/pu	0.097 1	0.095 0	0.094 8

图1 简化模式下发电机安全运行区域

Fig.1 Safe operation zone of generator in simplified mode

图2 隐极式发电机运行极限图

Fig.2 Operation limit of implicit pole generator

表2 无功优化结果

Tab. 2 Optimization results of reactive power

参数		不考虑极限	考虑极限
平衡机	P_G2/MW	481.99	487.74
平衡机	Q_G2/(MV·A)	-143.89	-78.06
迭代次数		86	93
计算时间/s		70.367	82.238
网损值/pu		0.095	0.103 4

图3 发电机实际和理论运行对比图

Fig.3 Comparison between the actual and theoretical operation of generator

图4 10机39节点日负荷曲线

Fig.4 Daily load curve of 39 nodes and 10 machines

图5 有功网损变化曲线图

Fig.5 Change curve of active power loss

表3 有功网损和计算时间

Tab. 3 Active power loss and calculation time

C_x₁	有功网损/pu	计算时间/min
9及以下	—	—
10	5.223 6	152.01
11	5.132 0	143
12	5.027 1	133.2
13	4.722 5	78.17
14	4.719 4	72.3
15	4.718 9	76.1
16	4.718 5	75.53
17	4.717 2	74.09
18	4.715 3	68.01
19	4.712 8	65.8
20	4.712 2	64.28
21及以上	4.709 1	62.3
静态无功优化	4.703 6	18.35

图6 8号节点电容器组投切曲线图

Fig.6 Switching curve of 8 node capacitor bank

表4 变压器分接头动作次数统计

Tab. 4 Statistics of OLTC number

变压器	C_x₁			静态无功优化
变压器	10	13	21	静态无功优化
T_2-30	3	8	14	14
T_6-31	7	10	16	16
T_10-32	8	9	14	16
T_12-11	1	4	9	9
T_12-13	0	2	7	7
T_19-20	5	8	13	14
T_19-33	6	10	16	16
T_20-34	0	1	5	4
T_22-35	9	12	20	20
T_23-36	5	11	19	18
T_25-37	6	7	14	14
T_29-38	3	5	12	12
总计	53	87	159	160

图7 变压器T2-30低压侧母线电压变化曲线

Fig.7 Bus voltage at low voltage side of transformer T2-30

图8 2#发电机全天无功出力变化曲线

Fig.8 Variation curve of all-day reactive power output of No.2 generator

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