发电技术

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汽轮机长叶片颤振预测方法的建立和应用

刘长春,关淳,郭魁俊,李宇峰,马义良   

  1. 哈尔滨汽轮机厂有限责任公司

Establishment and Application of a Flutter Evaluation Method for the Steam Turbine Long Blades

LIU Changchun, GUAN Chun, GUO Kuijun, LI Yufeng, MA Yiliang   

  1. Harbin Turbine Company Limited

摘要: 基于叶片气动和结构振动仿真计算平台,建立了汽轮机长叶片流固耦合的三维计算方法。以国外某60 Hz汽轮机机组次末级叶片为例,分析了叶片流场的气动特性和整圈叶片结构场的振动特性,并进一步结合能量法准则,提出了汽轮机长叶片颤振预测和评估的方法。结果表明,机组流量和叶片节径振动形式对叶片颤振特性影响很大。对于当前次末级叶片,40%流量工况时,流场内压力脉动诱导叶片颤振发生的概率为80~90%,为此,小流量工况下该类叶片需要慎重使用。基于本文单向流固耦合的方法,能够有效且相对快速地分析流场中脉动压力作用下的周期功,获得叶片模态振动条件下的气动阻尼系数,从而预测叶片颤振特性。

关键词: 汽轮机长叶片, 流固耦合, 气动特性, 振动特性, 颤振预测

Abstract: In this paper, a three-dimensional calculation method for the fluid-structure interaction of the steam turbine long blades was established based on the aerodynamic and structural vibration simulation platform. Taking the 2nd last stage blade of a 60Hz abroad steam turbine as an example, the aerodynamic characteristics of the flow field in the single flow channel and the vibration characteristics of the structure field of the entire blades were analyzed. Combined with the energy method criterion, a method for predicting and evaluating the flutter of the steam turbine long blades was further proposed. For the current 2nd last stage blade, the probability of blade flutter induced by pressure fluctuation in the flow field is 80~90% under 40% flow condition. Therefore, this kind of blade should be carefully used under the low flow condition. Based on the present one-way fluid-structure interaction method, the periodic work of the fluctuating pressure in the flow field can be analyzed effectively and relatively quickly, and the aerodynamic damping coefficient under the condition of modal vibration of the blade can be obtained, so as to predict the flutter characteristics of the blade.

Key words: steam turbine long blade, fluid-structure interaction, aerodynamic characteristics, vibration characteristics, flutter prediction