核电厂低品位余热发电技术研究

发电技术

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核电厂低品位余热发电技术研究

赵雅卓¹，张文杰¹，廖颖慧^2，3，林晋磊^2，3，张荣勇¹，段远源^2，3*

1.中国核电工程有限公司，北京市海淀区 100037；2.热科学与动力工程教育部重点实验室(清华大学)，北京市海淀区 100084；3.二氧化碳资源化利用与减排技术北京市重点实验室(清华大学)，北京市海淀区 100084

基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(52106017)；中国核电工程有限公司自主立项科研项目(KY23076)

Research on Power Generation Technologies for Low-Grade Waste Heat in Nuclear Power Plants

ZHAO Yazhuo¹, ZHANG Wenjie¹, LIAO Yinghui^2,3, LIN Jinlei2^,3, ZHANG Rongyong¹, DUAN Yuanyuan^2,3*

1.China Nuclear Power Engineering Co., Ltd., Haidian District, Beijing, 100037, China; 2.Key Laboratory for Thermal Science and Power Engineering of Ministry of Education (Tsinghua University), Haidian District, Beijing 100084, China; 3.Beijing Key Laboratory for CO2 Utilization and Reduction Technology (Tsinghua University), Haidian District, Beijing 100084, China

Supported by:
Project Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (52106017); Independent Research Project of China Nuclear Power Engineering Co., Ltd. (KY23076)

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】针对核电厂低品位余热直接排放造成的海洋热污染问题，亟需探索高效解决方案以降低排海热负荷。通过系统评估不同类型余热源特性及其发电潜力，为核电厂余热利用提供热经济性数据依据。【方法】总结了核电厂中各类低品位余热的特点，并分析了余热的不同利用方式及其发展现状；介绍了3种适用于该余热的发电技术，并结合实际案例对比分析了不同发电技术的热经济性能及不同余热源的回收潜力。【结果】核电厂二回路凝结饱和水的能质系数最高，发电利用潜力最大，而有机朗肯循环是热经济性能最佳的余热发电方案，其平准化度电成本最低，为0.037 6美元/(kW⋅h)，相对喷射式有机闪蒸循环和卡琳娜循环分别降低了84%和78%；同时其发电功率为462.2 kW，具有较好的可行性；在回收低压缸乏汽余热时即可减排热负荷360.3 MW，环保效益显著。【结论】有机朗肯循环等余热发电技术可大幅降低排海热负荷，为我国核电厂的低品位余热利用与降低排海热负荷提供重要参考。

关键词: 核电, 余热发电, 热污染防治, 低品位余热回收, 有机朗肯循环(ORC), 喷射式有机闪蒸循环(EOFC), 卡琳娜循环(KC), 热经济可行性分析

Abstract: [Objectives]　To address the issue of marine thermal pollution caused by the direct discharge of low-grade waste heat from nuclear power plants, it is imperative to explore efficient solutions to reduce thermal discharge loads. By systematically evaluating the characteristics of different types of waste heat sources and their potential of power generation, this study provides thermo-economic data basis for waste heat utilization in nuclear power plants. [Methods]　The characteristics of different types of low-grade waste heat in nuclear power plants are summarized, and different utilization methods of waste heat and their current development status are analyzed. Three types of power generation technologies suitable for this waste heat are introduced, and their thermo-economic performance and the recovery potential of different waste heat sources are comparatively analyzed through actual case studies. [Results]　The energy quality coefficient of the secondary loop condensate saturated water in nuclear power plants is the highest, showing the greatest potential for power generation utilization. The organic Rankine cycle (ORC) demonstrates optimal thermo-economic performance as a waste heat power generation solution, achieving the lowest levelized cost of electricity at $0.037 6/(kW⋅h), which is 84% and 78% lower than that of the ejector organic flash cycle (EOFC) and the Kalina cycle (KC), respectively. Moreover, ORC achieves a generation capacity of 462.2 kW, demonstrating good feasibility. Recovering waste heat from the low-pressure turbine exhaust can reduce thermal discharge by 360.3 MW, showing significant environmental benefits. [Conclusions]　Waste heat power generation technologies such as the ORC can significantly reduce thermal discharge loads into the sea, providing important references for low-grade waste heat utilization and thermal pollution reduction in China's nuclear power plants.

Key words: nuclear power, waste heat power generation, thermal pollution prevention and control, low-grade waste heat recovery, organic Rankine cycle (ORC), ejector organic flash cycle (EOFC), Kalina cycle (KC), thermo-economic feasibility analysis

赵雅卓, 张文杰, 廖颖慧, 林晋磊, 张荣勇, 段远源. 核电厂低品位余热发电技术研究[J]. 发电技术.

ZHAO Yazhuo, ZHANG Wenjie, LIAO Yinghui, LIN Jinlei, ZHANG Rongyong, DUAN Yuanyuan. Research on Power Generation Technologies for Low-Grade Waste Heat in Nuclear Power Plants[J]. Power Generation Technology.

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