双面光伏系统的光-热-电性能分析模型与实验验证

doi:10.12096/j.2096-4528.pgt.24239

发电技术 ›› 2025, Vol. 46 ›› Issue (5): 939-949.DOI: 10.12096/j.2096-4528.pgt.24239

双面光伏系统的光-热-电性能分析模型与实验验证

李建勇¹, 郎泽萌¹, 王重阳², 赵海亮¹, 蒋成伟¹, 徐瑞玲², 胡曦³, 孟庆茂², 李怀森², 徐世杰⁴, 吴双应⁴

^1.中广核新能源六安有限公司，安徽省六安市 237494
^2.上海白鹭新能源有限公司，上海市崇明区 202154
^3.中广核新能源控股有限公司，北京市丰台区 100070
^4.重庆大学能源与动力工程学院，重庆市沙坪坝区 400044

收稿日期:2024-11-14 修回日期:2024-12-19 出版日期:2025-10-31 发布日期:2025-10-23
作者简介:李建勇(1972)，男，硕士，高级工程师，主要从事电力工程、材料和储能技术等方面研究，295043920@qq.com；
王重阳(1995)，男，博士，助理工程师，主要从事太阳能综合利用和强化换热等方面研究，cywang9910@163.com；
胡曦(1982)，男，高级工程师，主要从事新能源光伏、智能监控、智慧检修等方面研究，190550443@qq.com；
吴双应(1968)，男，博士，教授，博士生导师，主要从事热工理论及其工程应用、太阳能热电转换与利用等方面研究，本文通信作者，shuangyingwu@126.com。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(51966003);中广核新能源科技项目(S-Y2023CAE)

Analytical Model and Experimental Validation of Optical-Thermal-Electrical Performance of Bifacial Photovoltaic Systems

Jianyong LI¹, Zemeng LANG¹, Chongyang WANG², Hailiang ZHAO¹, Chengwei JIANG¹, Ruiling XU², Xi HU³, Qingmao MENG², Huaisen LI², Shijie XU⁴, Shuangying WU⁴

^1.CGN New Energy Lu’an Co. , Ltd. , Lu’an 237494, Anhui Province, China
^2.Shanghai Bailu New Energy Co. , Ltd. , Chongming District, Shanghai 202154, China
^3.CGN New Energy Holdings Co. , Ltd. , Fengtai District, Beijing 100070, China
^4.School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Shapingba District, Chongqing 400044, China

Received:2024-11-14 Revised:2024-12-19 Published:2025-10-31 Online:2025-10-23
Supported by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China(51966003);CGN New Energy Technology Project(S-Y2023CAE)

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

目的双面光伏(bifacial photovoltaic，BPV)可提供背面增益，具有较好的发展前景，但如何实现在耦合环境下对BPV系统性能进行准确分析已成为亟待解决的问题之一。为此，提出了一个光-热-电-环境耦合(optical-thermal-electrical-environmental coupling，OTEEC)模型来探究BPV板在真实环境下的光-热-电性能。方法首先，基于蒙特卡洛射线追踪法模拟光线在BPV系统中的传播路径，获得BPV板正背面非均匀辐照分布；然后分别通过有限体积法和离散积分法计算系统的热-电性能；最后通过实验对模型进行了验证，同时和现有的光-热-电耦合(optical-thermal-electrical coupling，OTEC)模型进行了比较。结果在有云和晴天时，基于OTEEC模型获得的BPV板正背面辐照分布与实验的最大相对误差均小于13%。在有云无风和晴天有风下，基于OTEEC模型获得的温度数据、瞬时电功率与实验的最大相对误差均小于11%。在有风和无风时，OTEEC模型的计算精度高于现有的OTEC模型。结论 OTEEC模型具有较好的普适性和可信度，可为BPV系统的性能提升、运行调度与管理提供科学依据。

关键词: 双面光伏(BPV)系统, 光-热-电耦合(OTEC)模型, 光-热-电-环境耦合(OTEEC)模型, 蒙特卡洛射线追踪法, 性能分析, 环境条件, 光-热-电性能, 实验验证

Abstract:

Objectives Bifacial photovoltaic (BPV) can provide rear-side gain and has promising development prospects. However, how to accurately analyze the performance of BPV systems under coupled environmental conditions has become one of the urgent issues to be addressed. To this end, an optical-thermal-electrical-environmental coupling (OTEEC) model is proposed to explore the optical-thermal-electrical performance of BPV panels in real environments. Methods Firstly, the propagation path of light in the BPV system is simulated based on the Monte Carlo ray tracing method to obtain the non-uniform irradiation distribution on the front and rear sides of the BPV panel. Then, the system's thermal-electrical performance is calculated using the finite volume method and the discrete integral method, respectively. Finally, the model is validated through experiments and compared with the existing optical-thermal-electrical coupling (OTEC) model. Results On both cloudy and sunny days, the maximum relative errors between the irradiation distribution on the front and rear sides of the BPV panel obtained from the OTEEC model and the experimental data are less than 13%. On windless cloudy days and windy sunny days, the maximum relative errors between temperature data and instantaneous electric power obtained from the OTEEC model and the experimental results are less than 11%. Moreover, the calculation accuracy of the OTEEC model is higher than that of the existing OTEC model under both windy and windless conditions. Conclusions The OTEEC model has good universality and reliability, provides a scientific basis for the performance enhancement, operation scheduling, and management of BPV systems.

Key words: bifacial photovoltaic (BPV) system, optical-thermal-electrical coupling (OTEC) model, optical-thermal-electrical- environmental coupling (OTEEC) model, Monte Carlo ray tracing method, performance analysis, environmental conditions, optical-thermal-electrical performance, experimental validation

中图分类号:

TK 51

李建勇, 郎泽萌, 王重阳, 赵海亮, 蒋成伟, 徐瑞玲, 胡曦, 孟庆茂, 李怀森, 徐世杰, 吴双应. 双面光伏系统的光-热-电性能分析模型与实验验证[J]. 发电技术, 2025, 46(5): 939-949.

Jianyong LI, Zemeng LANG, Chongyang WANG, Hailiang ZHAO, Chengwei JIANG, Ruiling XU, Xi HU, Qingmao MENG, Huaisen LI, Shijie XU, Shuangying WU. Analytical Model and Experimental Validation of Optical-Thermal-Electrical Performance of Bifacial Photovoltaic Systems[J]. Power Generation Technology, 2025, 46(5): 939-949.

图/表 15

图1 BPV系统物理模型

Fig. 1 Physical model of BPV system

图2 BPV板剖面图

Fig. 2 Cross-section of BPV panel

表1 BPV板的结构参数和在标准测试条件下的性能参数

Tab. 1 Structural parameters of BPV panel and performance parameters under standard test conditions

参数	取值
电池单元数量/个	156
电池单元长度Δl/mm	158.75
电池单元宽度Δw/mm	79.375
电池单元间距/mm	2.1(左右)；1.53(前后)
玻璃盖板厚度/mm	4.2
EVA厚度/mm	0.5
晶硅电池厚度/mm	0.4
铝边框厚度/mm	4和9
开路电压/V	53.37
短路电流/A	10.52
最大功率/W	445
最大工作电压/V	43.93
最大工作电流/A	10.13
双面因子/%	65
正面发电效率η_ref.f/%	20.59
背面发电效率η_ref.r/%	13.38
温度影响系数δ/%	0.35

表2 BPV板的物性参数

Tab. 2 Physical properties of BPV panel

参数	正面玻璃	EVA	晶硅电池	背面玻璃	铝边框(铝)
热导率/[W/(m⋅K)]	0.93	0.35	150	0.93	204
密度/(kg/m³)	2 530	960	2 328	2 530	2 710
比热容/[J/(kg⋅K)]	850	2 090	677	850	910
吸收率	—	—	0.93	—	—
发射率	0.85	—	—	0.85	0.5
透射率	0.935	1	—	0.915	—

图3 光学特性

Fig. 3 Optical properties

图4 BPV系统性能测试平台

Fig. 4 Performance test platform of BPV system

图5 BPV板正面和背面的辐照测点

Fig. 5 Irradiance measurement points on front and rear sides of BPV panel

图6 BPV板正面和背面的温度测点

Fig. 6 Temperature measurement points on front and rear sides of BPV panel

表3 测试仪器参数

Tab. 3 Testing instrument parameters

仪器型号	量程	精度
TBQ-2C型辐照表	0~2 000 W/m²	<5%
华盛昌DT-1037型辐照表	0~2 000 W/m²	<5%
K型热电偶	0~600 ℃	—
Agilent 34970A型数据采集仪	0.000 2~1 000 V，0~1 A	—
PROVA210型I-V曲线测试仪	0~60 V，0.01~12 A	±1%
SN-3000-FSJT-GPRS型风速仪	0~70 m/s	±0.1 m/s
SN-3000-FXJT-N01型风向仪	8个指示方向	—

图7 不同天气条件下的环境参数和性能参数测试结果

Fig. 7 Test results of environmental and performance parameters under different weather conditions

图8 2024年7月22日BPV板表面不同测点辐照分布比较

Fig. 8 Comparison of irradiance distribution at different measurement points on BPV panel on July 22, 2024

图9 2024年7月22日模拟和实验下BPV热-电性能

Fig. 9 Thermal-electrical performance of BPV panel from simulation and experiment on July 22, 2024

图10 2024年7月22日12:00时BPV系统的流动传热特性

Fig. 10 Flow and heat transfer characteristics of BPV system at 12:00 on July 22, 2024

图11 2024年8月27日BPV板表面不同测点辐照分布比较

Fig. 11 Comparison of irradiance distribution at different measurement points on BPV panel on August 27, 2024

图12 2024年8月27日基于两种模型和实验下BPV热-电性能

Fig. 12 Thermal-electrical performance of BPV panel based on two models and experiments on August 27, 2024

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双面光伏系统的光-热-电性能分析模型与实验验证

Analytical Model and Experimental Validation of Optical-Thermal-Electrical Performance of Bifacial Photovoltaic Systems

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