发电技术 ›› 2023, Vol. 44 ›› Issue (2): 171-182.DOI: 10.12096/j.2096-4528.pgt.21125
刘胜利1, 张海军2, 程建2, 钟毓秀3, 徐俊3, 江龙3, 汪一3, 苏胜3, 胡松3, 向军3
收稿日期:
2022-01-01
出版日期:
2023-04-30
发布日期:
2023-04-28
作者简介:
基金资助:
Shengli LIU1, Haijun ZHANG2, Jian CHENG2, Yuxiu ZHONG3, Jun XU3, Long JIANG3, Yi WANG3, Sheng SU3, Song HU3, Jun XIANG3
Received:
2022-01-01
Published:
2023-04-30
Online:
2023-04-28
Supported by:
摘要:
针对一台1 000 MW超超临界双切圆锅炉结焦及水冷壁高温腐蚀问题,采用X射线衍射(X-ray diffraction,XRD)和X射线荧光光谱(X-ray fluorescence,XRF)表征分析了锅炉结焦及高温腐蚀机理,结果表明:煤中钠、钙的赋存降低了煤的灰熔点,造成锅炉结焦;硫化物型高温腐蚀是该锅炉高温腐蚀的主要类型。通过配煤掺烧及配风调整对入炉煤质、燃烧器配风方式的优化发现,选用低硫低结焦性煤进行混配,能够有效缓解炉内结焦问题。同时,锅炉总风量的提高与燃烧器二次配风的合理调整能有效降低炉内还原性气氛浓度,缓解炉内高温腐蚀问题。通过数值模拟方法对锅炉腐蚀倾向的预测结果表明,炉内热角区域需要通过加设贴壁风或水冷壁喷涂等方式进一步预防高温腐蚀。
中图分类号:
刘胜利, 张海军, 程建, 钟毓秀, 徐俊, 江龙, 汪一, 苏胜, 胡松, 向军. 1 000 MW超超临界双切圆燃烧锅炉结焦与高温腐蚀防控研究[J]. 发电技术, 2023, 44(2): 171-182.
Shengli LIU, Haijun ZHANG, Jian CHENG, Yuxiu ZHONG, Jun XU, Long JIANG, Yi WANG, Sheng SU, Song HU, Jun XIANG. Research on Slagging and High Temperature Corrosion Prevention and Control of a 1 000 MW Ultra Supercritical Double Tangentially Fired Boiler[J]. Power Generation Technology, 2023, 44(2): 171-182.
元素 | Al | Si | S | Fe | Ca | Ti | 其他 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
质量分数/% | 24.47 | 55.86 | 1.29 | 9.17 | 5.14 | 1.70 | 2.37 |
表1 锅炉结焦产物XRF检测结果
Tab. 1 XRF test results of boiler slagging products
元素 | Al | Si | S | Fe | Ca | Ti | 其他 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
质量分数/% | 24.47 | 55.86 | 1.29 | 9.17 | 5.14 | 1.70 | 2.37 |
暴露面 | 基体结合面 | ||
---|---|---|---|
元素组成 | 质量分数/% | 元素组成 | 质量分数/% |
Al | 33.50 | Al | 4.83 |
Si | 38.29 | Si | 3.74 |
S | 12.03 | S | 22.57 |
Fe | 12.65 | Fe | 68.21 |
Mn | 0.25 | Mn | 0.43 |
Ti | 1.32 | Cu | 0.08 |
K | 1.96 | Cr | 0.14 |
Fe/S | 1.05 | Fe/S | 3.02 |
表2 水冷壁腐蚀剥落物XRF检测结果
Tab. 2 XRF test results of corrosion exfoliation
暴露面 | 基体结合面 | ||
---|---|---|---|
元素组成 | 质量分数/% | 元素组成 | 质量分数/% |
Al | 33.50 | Al | 4.83 |
Si | 38.29 | Si | 3.74 |
S | 12.03 | S | 22.57 |
Fe | 12.65 | Fe | 68.21 |
Mn | 0.25 | Mn | 0.43 |
Ti | 1.32 | Cu | 0.08 |
K | 1.96 | Cr | 0.14 |
Fe/S | 1.05 | Fe/S | 3.02 |
煤质特性 | 设计煤种 | 备选煤种编号 | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | |||
元素分析 | w(C)/% | 53.41 | 69.29 | 59.15 | 55.51 | 63.18 | 55.92 | 44.50 | 45.31 | 51.86 | 53.75 | 61.08 |
w(H)/% | 3.16 | 3.17 | 3.11 | 2.99 | 3.66 | 3.17 | 2.94 | 3.13 | 2.41 | 3.20 | 3.21 | |
w(N)/% | 0.65 | 1.10 | 0.89 | 1.09 | 1.03 | 0.76 | 0.88 | 0.64 | 0.68 | 0.58 | 1.04 | |
w(S)/% | 1.20 | 1.63 | 1.99 | 0.62 | 0.60 | 2.26 | 1.01 | 0.33 | 1.50 | 1.10 | 2.33 | |
w(O)/% | 6.21 | 1.65 | 0.63 | 4.08 | 3.62 | 5.33 | 4.79 | 10.62 | 1.70 | 6.83 | 1.43 | |
工业分析 | Mar /% | 6.05 | 6.08 | 5.70 | 13.20 | 6.21 | 3.94 | 14.29 | 8.52 | 8.81 | 12.08 | 5.83 |
Aar /% | 29.32 | 17.08 | 28.53 | 22.51 | 21.70 | 28.62 | 31.61 | 31.45 | 33.04 | 22.46 | 25.08 | |
Var /% | 21.20 | 7.38 | 7.18 | 10.70 | 27.07 | 9.84 | 20.10 | 28.33 | 7.77 | 22.55 | 7.39 | |
FCar /% | 43.43 | 69.46 | 58.59 | 53.59 | 45.02 | 57.60 | 34.00 | 31.70 | 50.38 | 42.91 | 61.70 | |
高位发热量/(MJ/kg) | 20.78 | 26.98 | 22.32 | 21.97 | 23.61 | 16.27 | 17.60 | 16.66 | 18.96 | 20.70 | 24.11 | |
低位发热量/(MJ/kg) | 20.02 | 26.11 | 21.50 | 20.97 | 22.63 | 15.23 | 16.60 | 15.74 | 18.20 | 19.68 | 23.25 |
表3 设计煤种及备选煤的煤种特性
Tab. 3 Characteristics of design coal and candidate coals
煤质特性 | 设计煤种 | 备选煤种编号 | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | |||
元素分析 | w(C)/% | 53.41 | 69.29 | 59.15 | 55.51 | 63.18 | 55.92 | 44.50 | 45.31 | 51.86 | 53.75 | 61.08 |
w(H)/% | 3.16 | 3.17 | 3.11 | 2.99 | 3.66 | 3.17 | 2.94 | 3.13 | 2.41 | 3.20 | 3.21 | |
w(N)/% | 0.65 | 1.10 | 0.89 | 1.09 | 1.03 | 0.76 | 0.88 | 0.64 | 0.68 | 0.58 | 1.04 | |
w(S)/% | 1.20 | 1.63 | 1.99 | 0.62 | 0.60 | 2.26 | 1.01 | 0.33 | 1.50 | 1.10 | 2.33 | |
w(O)/% | 6.21 | 1.65 | 0.63 | 4.08 | 3.62 | 5.33 | 4.79 | 10.62 | 1.70 | 6.83 | 1.43 | |
工业分析 | Mar /% | 6.05 | 6.08 | 5.70 | 13.20 | 6.21 | 3.94 | 14.29 | 8.52 | 8.81 | 12.08 | 5.83 |
Aar /% | 29.32 | 17.08 | 28.53 | 22.51 | 21.70 | 28.62 | 31.61 | 31.45 | 33.04 | 22.46 | 25.08 | |
Var /% | 21.20 | 7.38 | 7.18 | 10.70 | 27.07 | 9.84 | 20.10 | 28.33 | 7.77 | 22.55 | 7.39 | |
FCar /% | 43.43 | 69.46 | 58.59 | 53.59 | 45.02 | 57.60 | 34.00 | 31.70 | 50.38 | 42.91 | 61.70 | |
高位发热量/(MJ/kg) | 20.78 | 26.98 | 22.32 | 21.97 | 23.61 | 16.27 | 17.60 | 16.66 | 18.96 | 20.70 | 24.11 | |
低位发热量/(MJ/kg) | 20.02 | 26.11 | 21.50 | 20.97 | 22.63 | 15.23 | 16.60 | 15.74 | 18.20 | 19.68 | 23.25 |
指标 | 结焦倾向 | ||
---|---|---|---|
轻微 | 中等 | 严重 | |
酸碱比(B/A) | <0.206 | 0.206~0.400 | >0.400 |
硅比(G) | >78.8 | 78.8~66.1 | <66.1 |
硅铝比(X) | <1.87 | 1.87~2.65 | >2.65 |
铁钙比(Y) | <0.3或>3.0 | 0.3~3.0 | 接近1.0 |
综合指数(R) | <1.5 | 1.5~2.5 | >2.5 |
表4 煤灰结焦倾向的判别界限
Tab. 4 Judgment limits of coal ash slagging tendency
指标 | 结焦倾向 | ||
---|---|---|---|
轻微 | 中等 | 严重 | |
酸碱比(B/A) | <0.206 | 0.206~0.400 | >0.400 |
硅比(G) | >78.8 | 78.8~66.1 | <66.1 |
硅铝比(X) | <1.87 | 1.87~2.65 | >2.65 |
铁钙比(Y) | <0.3或>3.0 | 0.3~3.0 | 接近1.0 |
综合指数(R) | <1.5 | 1.5~2.5 | >2.5 |
性能 | 煤种编号 | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | |
w(C)/w(H) | 21.89 | 19.05 | 18.58 | 17.24 | 17.62 | 15.15 | 14.48 | 21.52 | 16.82 | 19.11 |
FCar/Var | 9.41 | 8.16 | 5.01 | 1.66 | 5.85 | 1.69 | 1.12 | 6.48 | 1.90 | 8.35 |
变形温度DT/℃ | >1 500 | 1 360 | 1 240 | 1 170 | >1 500 | 1 390 | 1 180 | >1 500 | 1 200 | 1 440 |
软化温度ST/℃ | >1 500 | 1 410 | 1 420 | 1 220 | >1 500 | 1 430 | 1 290 | >1 500 | 1 250 | 1 490 |
煤挥发分Vdaf/% | 9.61 | 10.91 | 16.64 | 37.55 | 14.59 | 37.16 | 47.2 | 13.36 | 34.46 | 10.69 |
煤种分类 | 无烟煤 | 烟煤 | 烟煤 | 烟煤 | 烟煤 | 烟煤 | 褐煤 | 烟煤 | 烟煤 | 烟煤 |
酸碱比(B/A) | 0.12 | 0.16 | 0.13 | 0.43 | 0.11 | 0.13 | 0.17 | 0.14 | 0.19 | 0.18 |
硅比(G) | 84.52 | 82.87 | 85.22 | 61.49 | 84.57 | 84.76 | 82.93 | 86.08 | 81.77 | 78.92 |
硅铝比(X) | 1.58 | 1.83 | 1.84 | 2.10 | 1.28 | 1.89 | 2.32 | 1.82 | 2.59 | 1.78 |
铁钙比(Y) | 0.23 | 0.85 | 1.11 | 0.34 | 3.91 | 0.72 | 1.29 | 3.74 | 2.74 | 0.47 |
综合指数(R) | 1.40 | 1.73 | 1.63 | 2.93 | 1.31 | 1.64 | 2.12 | 1.46 | 2.33 | 1.67 |
结焦倾向 | 轻微 | 中等 | 中等 | 严重 | 轻微 | 中等 | 中等 | 轻微 | 中等 | 中等 |
表5 煤种结焦性能评判
Tab. 5 Evaluation of coal slagging performance
性能 | 煤种编号 | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | |
w(C)/w(H) | 21.89 | 19.05 | 18.58 | 17.24 | 17.62 | 15.15 | 14.48 | 21.52 | 16.82 | 19.11 |
FCar/Var | 9.41 | 8.16 | 5.01 | 1.66 | 5.85 | 1.69 | 1.12 | 6.48 | 1.90 | 8.35 |
变形温度DT/℃ | >1 500 | 1 360 | 1 240 | 1 170 | >1 500 | 1 390 | 1 180 | >1 500 | 1 200 | 1 440 |
软化温度ST/℃ | >1 500 | 1 410 | 1 420 | 1 220 | >1 500 | 1 430 | 1 290 | >1 500 | 1 250 | 1 490 |
煤挥发分Vdaf/% | 9.61 | 10.91 | 16.64 | 37.55 | 14.59 | 37.16 | 47.2 | 13.36 | 34.46 | 10.69 |
煤种分类 | 无烟煤 | 烟煤 | 烟煤 | 烟煤 | 烟煤 | 烟煤 | 褐煤 | 烟煤 | 烟煤 | 烟煤 |
酸碱比(B/A) | 0.12 | 0.16 | 0.13 | 0.43 | 0.11 | 0.13 | 0.17 | 0.14 | 0.19 | 0.18 |
硅比(G) | 84.52 | 82.87 | 85.22 | 61.49 | 84.57 | 84.76 | 82.93 | 86.08 | 81.77 | 78.92 |
硅铝比(X) | 1.58 | 1.83 | 1.84 | 2.10 | 1.28 | 1.89 | 2.32 | 1.82 | 2.59 | 1.78 |
铁钙比(Y) | 0.23 | 0.85 | 1.11 | 0.34 | 3.91 | 0.72 | 1.29 | 3.74 | 2.74 | 0.47 |
综合指数(R) | 1.40 | 1.73 | 1.63 | 2.93 | 1.31 | 1.64 | 2.12 | 1.46 | 2.33 | 1.67 |
结焦倾向 | 轻微 | 中等 | 中等 | 严重 | 轻微 | 中等 | 中等 | 轻微 | 中等 | 中等 |
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