基于监视与控制通用系统和可编程逻辑控制器的熔盐电加热控制系统开发

doi:10.12096/j.2096-4528.pgt.21004

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

熔盐作为传热蓄热工质，在可再生能源发电及谷电蓄热供热系统中具有重要应用。由于恒功率加热容易导致电加热器烧毁、熔盐分解等问题，因此熔盐的熔化、防凝都需要恒温电加热系统。利用监视与控制通用系统（monitor and control generated system，MCGS）组态软件和西门子S7-200PLC，将固态继电器、热电阻和电加热器结合，设计了一套电加热器闭环温度PI控制系统。按不同PI整定方法进行实验对比，并加入抗积分饱和与两自由度控制，解决了PI控制器超调与抗干扰矛盾的问题。在超调量大幅减小的同时，实现在干扰条件下熔盐储热系统温度的快速调节且相对稳定的抗干扰功能。

关键词: 太阳能利用, 熔盐蓄热, 监视与控制通用系统(MCGS), 可编程逻辑控制器(PLC), 温度控制, PI控制

Abstract:

Molten salt has important applications in renewable energy power generation and energy storage heating system as the heat transfer and storage working fluid. As the constant power heating can easily lead to the burning of electric heater and the decomposition of molten salt, a constant temperature electric heating system is needed for melting and anti-freezing of molten salt system. We used monitor and control generated system (MCGS) configuration software and SIEMENS S7-200PLC, combined with solid-state relay (SSR), thermal resistance and electric heater, to design a closed-loop electric heater temperature PI control system. According to different PI tuning methods for experimental comparison, the contradiction problems of the PI controller over-tuning and anti-interference were solved by adding anti-integral saturation and two-degrees-of-freedom control. While the over-tuning was greatly reduced, the anti-interference function of the temperature of molten salt heat storage system under the interference condition was realized, and the temperature control of molten salt heat storage electric heater was carried out.

Key words: solar energy utilization, heat storage of molten salt, monitor and control generated system (MCGS), programmable logic controller (PLC), temperature control, PI control

中图分类号:

TK519

杜春旭, 马彦成, 王彦泉, 谢济豪, 刘金恺, 鹿院卫. 基于监视与控制通用系统和可编程逻辑控制器的熔盐电加热控制系统开发[J]. 发电技术, 2021, 42(6): 727-733.

Chunxu DU, Yancheng MA, Yanquan WANG, Jihao XIE, Jinkai LIU, Yuanwei LU. Development of Molten Salt Electric Heating Control System Based on Monitor and Control Generated System and Programmable Logic Controller[J]. Power Generation Technology, 2021, 42(6): 727-733.

图/表 11

图1 熔盐电加热器控制系统原理图

Fig.1 Schematic diagram of control system for molten salt electric heater

图2 熔盐电加热器控制MCGS组态系统界面图

Fig.2 Interface diagram of molten salt electric heater control system with MCGS configuration

图3 脉宽为10 ms电加热器温升曲线

Fig.3 Temperature rise curve of electric heater with 10 ms pulse width

表1 不同整定方法PI参数

Tab. 1 PI parameters of different tuning methods

整定方法	K_p	T_i/s
回路成形法	3.136	345.00
Z-N法	5.390	59.40
C-C法	5.420	54.03
回路成形+SIMC法	3.316	72.00

图4 不同整定方法电加热器温升曲线

Fig.4 Temperature rise curve of electric heater with different tuning methods

表2 不同整定方法性能比较

Tab. 2 Performance comparison of different tuning methods

整定方法	调节时间t/s	超调量σ/%
回路成形法	184	23.6
Z-N法	678	75.1
C-C法	628	70.9
回路成形+SIMC法	367	25.7

图5 加入抗积分饱和前后Z-N法温升曲线对比

Fig.5 Comparison of temperature rise curves of Z-N method before and after anti-integral saturation

表3 加入抗积分饱和前后性能对比

Tab. 3 Performance comparison before and after anti-integral saturation

整定方法	调节时间t/s	超调量σ/%
Z-N法	678	75.1
Z-N法+抗积分饱和	392	75.3

图6 前置滤波型两自由度结构框图

Fig.6 Block diagram of pre-filtering 2DOF structure

图7 加入两自由度滤波前后含抗积分饱和Z-N法温升曲线对比

Fig.7 Comparison of temperature rise curves of Z-N method with anti-integral saturation before and after adding 2DOF filtering

表4 加入两自由度滤波前后性能对比

Tab. 4 Performance comparison before and after adding 2DOF filtering

整定方法	调节时间t/s	超调量σ/%
Z-N法+抗积分饱和	392	75.3
Z-N法+抗积分饱和+两自由度	269	12.2

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