新型电力系统
- The Paper
Q-Learning-Based Method for Distribution Layer Partitioning and Grid Planning in Hybrid Centralized-Distributed Networks
Abstract：ObjectivesTo improve the research on distribution layer partitioning and grid planning in hybrid centralized-distributed networks, this study fully considers various factors such as the requirements of hybrid centralized-distributed networks and proposes a method for distribution layer partitioning and network planning based on Q-learning.MethodsThe method addresses issues such as directed and undirected transitions, grid connectivity, and multi-factor classification during the training process. The Reward and Agent are improved based on the different requirements of the two stages: distribution layer partitioning and grid planning. This makes the model more comprehensive by incorporating more elements and is verified through simulations using actual power grid data.ResultsCompared to traditional grid planning methods, the hybrid centralized-distributed planning scheme using this method provides better economic efficiency while ensuring a certain level of reliability.ConclusionsThe proposed method demonstrates significant application value in distribution networks with high renewable energy penetration, providing a novel idea and technical approach for the planning and design of hybrid centralized-distributed networks.Keywords：distribution network;hybrid centralized-distributed form;distribution layer partitioning;grid planning;reinforcement learning;agent;machine learning84|120|2
<HTML><L-PDF><WORD><Meta-XML>Updated：2026-06-29Research on Model Predictive Current Control Strategy for AC Electric Springs
Abstract：ObjectivesTo improve the ability of AC electric springs (ACES) to stabilize the voltage of critical load (CL) under load switching and grid-side voltage fluctuations, a model predictive current control (MPCC) strategy is proposed.MethodsFirstly, for variable load conditions, the reference model of the critical load current is established as the ratio of the next critical load reference voltage to the critical load equivalent impedance at the current moment. The dynamic response capability of ACES during load switching is improved by using the variable critical load current reference value. Secondly, to address critical load voltage fluctuations, the control strategy operates the ACES in different modes, enabling the predicted critical load current to track the varying current reference value. This further ensures that the critical load voltage tracks the given value.ResultsUnder the conditions of load switching and grid-side voltage fluctuations, the proposed control strategy suppresses the critical load voltage fluctuations within 0.45% while maintaining the power quality of the non-critical load, and controls the total harmonic distortion of the critical load voltage below 0.6%.ConclusionsThe control strategy effectively improves the ability of ACES to suppress load voltage fluctuations and provides a reference for its integration into the power grid.Keywords：current control;model predictive control;AC electric spring;critical load52|40|0<HTML><L-PDF><WORD><Meta-XML>Updated：2026-06-29Study on Hydroforming Mechanism of Titanium Bipolar Plates for Hydrogen Fuel Cells
Abstract：ObjectivesDue to the anisotropic nature of titanium bipolar plates, their manufacturing process is highly challenging. While hydroforming has been commercially applied in bipolar plate production abroad, research in this field remains limited domestically. In order to reveal the control relationship between hydroforming parameters and quality in bipolar plate fabrication, it is essential to investigate the hydroforming mechanism of titanium bipolar plates.MethodsThis study focuses on the hydroforming process of titanium bipolar plates with a serpentine flow field. It analyzes the mechanical properties of the bipolar plates during the hydroforming process and explores the effects of key parameters, including die fillet radius, flow channel width, flow channel depth, sheet thickness, and hydraulic pressure, on the final forming quality.ResultsThe stress distribution in the corner regions of the serpentine flow channels is highly complex, making these areas most susceptible to fracture. Increasing the die fillet radius effectively reduces the thinning rate, with a recommended minimum radius of 0.2 mm. Increasing flow channel depth significantly worsens thinning, and the depth should not exceed 0.28 mm. When the flow channel width equals the rib width, the thinning rate reaches its minimum. Hydraulic pressure has a greater impact on thinning before the plate contacts the die bottom but its impact diminishes afterward. Additionally, as the plate thickness increases, the overall forming quality deteriorates.ConclusionsThe coordinated design of hydroforming parameters and structural parameters is critical for ensuring the forming quality of bipolar plates. These findings provide a theoretical foundation for the design and optimization of metal bipolar plate hydroforming process.Keywords：hydrogen fuel cell;proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC);metal bipolar plate;hydroforming;thinning rate;stress distribution224|656|0<HTML><L-PDF><WORD><Meta-XML>Updated：2026-06-29Effect of Hydrogen Production System on Sub-Synchronous Oscillation Characteristics of Doubly Fed Induction Generator Systems With Series Compensation
Abstract：ObjectivesThe grid-connected operation of large-scale wind turbines increases the risks of sub-synchronous oscillation (SSO) in power systems, to address these issues, this study conducts an in-depth analysis of the effect of hydrogen production systems on the characteristics of SSO of wind power system.MethodsFirstly, the models of doubly fed induction generator system, series-compensated transmission system, and hydrogen production system are established. Building on this, based on the internal thermodynamic and electrochemical dynamic characteristics of the electrolyzer in the hydrogen production system, an electromagnetic transient (EMT) model of the hydrogen production device is established on the PSCAD/EMTDC simulation platform. Finally, it is integrated into a doubly fed induction generator with series compensation for external transmission to conduct time-domain simulation analysis.ResultsThe hydrogen production system participates in the SSO of the system under specific control parameters. The integration of the hydrogen production system into the long-distance transmission system of wind power—as a clean energy solution—can mitigate SSO in the grid-connected system to a certain extent, thereby offering a new approach to addressing SSO issues.ConclusionsThe integration of the hydrogen production system improves the damping of the wind-hydrogen coupled grid-connected system, leading to improved system stability.Keywords：new energy;hydrogen energy;wind turbines;hydrogen production system;sub-synchronous oscillation (SSO);doubly fed induction generator;series compensation;eigenvalue analysis;time-domain simulation110|247|0<HTML><L-PDF><WORD><Meta-XML>Updated：2026-06-29Optimal Operation of Residential Microgrids Based on a Robust Model Using Information Gap Decision Theory
Abstract：ObjectivesResidential microgrids are an important part of the new-type power system, and their optimal operation is crucial for improving the utilization efficiency of renewable energy and reducing system operating costs. However, the strong uncertainties in the output of distributed power sources such as photovoltaics, as well as in loads, pose significant challenges to the optimal operation of residential microgrids. Therefore, a robust optimal operation model based on information gap decision theory (IGDT) is proposed.MethodsFirstly, by fully considering the influence of time-of-use electricity prices, an optimal operation model for grid-connected residential microgrids is established with the objective of minimizing user costs. Then, on the basis of this model, a robust optimal operation model based on IGDT is established by comprehensively considering the influence of uncertain factors such as photovoltaic output, load, and electric vehicle charging on the optimal operation of residential microgrids. Finally, a hierarchical sequencing method combined with the entropy weight method is used to solve the model.ResultsThrough Monte Carlo simulations, the effectiveness and reliability of the IGDT-based robust model in addressing uncertainties such as photovoltaic output and load are validated.ConclusionsThis model provides a feasible solution for the optimal operation of residential microgrids. It is of great significance for improving their economic performance and the on-site consumption rate of distributed renewable energy.Keywords：renewable energy;residential microgrid;uncertainty;information gap decision theory (IGDT);hierarchical sequencing method;entropy weight method;Monte Carlo simulation;electric vehicle177|195|1<HTML><L-PDF><WORD><Meta-XML>Updated：2026-06-29Resilience Enhancement Strategies for Power Systems Under Extreme High-Temperature Weather
Abstract：ObjectivesTo address the impact of extreme high-temperature weather on the supply and demand balance of power systems, a medium- to long-term method for enhancing power system resilience is proposed.MethodsFirst, the coupled “source-load” output characteristics under sustained extreme high-temperature scenarios are simulated, and an initial evaluation of system resilience is performed using a chronological operation simulation model. Second, based on the operation simulation results, a resilience enhancement-oriented power resource planning model is established, with the objective of minimizing the combined cost of power supply and load shedding under the constraint of supply and demand balance, thereby deriving combined measures for resilience enhancement. Finally, operation simulations of the resilience enhancement strategy scenarios are conducted to verify their effectiveness.ResultsTaking Guangdong Province in 2025 as a case study, compared with the scenario without the implementation of the resilience enhancement strategies for power systems, the application of such strategies under extreme high-temperature weather decreases the cumulative power shortage, maximum lost load scale, and economic losses caused by power shortage by 86.71%, 60.72%, and 91.55%, respectively. The system’s minimum power supply level increases by 11.07%.ConclusionsBy coordinating the expansion of power supply resources and deployment of load resources, the resilience enhancement strategies effectively improve the power system’s supply capacity under extreme high-temperature weather, while reducing the economic loss and social cost caused by power shortages.Keywords：extreme high-temperature weather;power system resilience;source-load output simulation;chronological operation simulation;power resource planning;hierarchical load shedding;value of lost load;resilience enhancement strategy351|1727|3<HTML><L-PDF><WORD><Meta-XML>Updated：2026-06-29Prospects for Future Energy Technologies
Abstract：ObjectivesDeveloping future energy is both a current focus of international competition and an essential pathway for China to build a new-type energy system and advance Chinese-style modernization with high-quality development. Therefore, this study explores the categories, research status, and future development trends of energy technologies, aiming to provide references for research and policy making in related fields.MethodsBased on reports from international authoritative institutions and data from typical global projects, multidimensional analysis methods are used to systematically introduce the global R&D status of green low-carbon power sources, bioenergy, synthetic hydrocarbon fuels, and hydrogen energy. Through the technology readiness level framework, combined with economic indicators, policy support, and commercial case studies, this study focuses on analyzing the key breakthroughs, application bottlenecks, and synergistic potential of different technological pathways, and establishes a systematic cross-technological roadmap for energy transition.ResultsDriven by technological advancements and policy support increase, the proportion of renewable energy in the power structure has significantly increased, accelerating the transition toward becoming the main power source. Additionally, the development of emerging technologies including bioenergy, hydrogen energy, synthetic hydrocarbon fuels, and controlled nuclear fusion will provide new solutions for energy transition.ConclusionsThe findings provide a scientific basis for promoting green and low-carbon energy transition, offering important references for researchers and policymakers in the energy field.Keywords：new-type energy system;energy transition;carbon neutrality;low-carbon;power generation technology;renewable energy;bioenergy;hydrogen energy;synthetic hydrocarbon fuels;controlled nuclear fusion324|1600|12<HTML><L-PDF><WORD><Meta-XML>Updated：2026-06-29Application and Challenges of Large Models in Power Industry
Abstract：ObjectivesWith the growing integration of renewable energy, the complexity of new power system has significantly increased. The power industry requires the integration of large-scale multi-source data, more complex analysis and decision-making processes, and more intelligent approaches to enhance system flexibility and adaptability. Large models represented by large language models have attracted significant attention due to their robust natural language processing capabilities and reasoning abilities across various complex tasks. Based on this, the study reviews implementation technologies for applying large language models in the power industry and summarizes relevant achievements to inform future applications.MethodsFirstly, key technologies for implementing large language models are introduced, including prompt engineering, retrieval-augmented generation, model fine-tuning, and the development of intelligent agents. These technologies enhance the accuracy and practicality of large language models in real-world applications and broaden their range of use cases. Secondly, the study outlines the research progress of large language models in areas such as power knowledge services, assisted decision-making, equipment fault diagnosis, and power system prediction. Lastly, the challenges in applying large language models in the power industry are analyzed.ConclusionsThe application of large models in the power industry is currently focused on the cenarios based on large language models, which are relatively mature. In contrast, applications involving multimodal models, time-series models, and large-small model collaboration remain in the exploratory and rapidly evolving stage.Keywords：power industry;new power system;artificial intelligence (AI);large language model;knowledge services;assisted decision-making;fault diagnosis;prediction571|6388|0<HTML><L-PDF><WORD><Meta-XML>Updated：2026-06-29Investment Decision and Economic Analysis of Distributed Photovoltaic Power Stations
Abstract：ObjectivesWith the continuous advancement of China’s photovoltaic (PV) industry, the industry is transitioning from being heavily reliant on government policy subsidies to achieving grid parity, which places higher demands on the economic benefits of PV power stations. Consequently, a more comprehensive and detailed study on the investment decision and economic evaluation of photovoltaic power stations is conducted.MethodsInvestment decision guidance for a 4.45 MW distributed PV power station project is provided from multiple aspects, including site solar resource analysis, solar module selection, and inverter selection. By calculating the construction investment and revenue, economic analysis of the project is conducted, and the effects of construction investment, operating costs, power generation price, and power generation output on the project’s economics are studied.ResultsThe economic analysis reveals that the project achieves an after-tax financial internal rate of return (FIRR) of 7.43%, with an after-tax investment payback period of 11.39 a. For equity capital, the FIRR is 11.43%, and the payback period is 10.38 a.ConclusionsThe project offers favorable economic benefits and the project economics is most sensitive to changes in electricity prices. Furthermore, the project demonstrates strong resilience to risks. The research results can provide theoretical reference and engineering guidance for the research and application of PV projects.Keywords：photovoltaic power generation;distributed photovoltaic;cost reduction and efficiency improvement;investment cost;investment decision;economic analysis;sensitivity analysis;internal rate of return416|1156|4<HTML><L-PDF><WORD><Meta-XML>Updated：2026-06-29Study on Dredging Strategy and Electricity Price Calculation of Pumped Storage Power Station in Xinjiang
Abstract：ObjectivesUnder the current electricity price mechanism, it is difficult for Xinjiang pumped storage power station to fully recover the cost through the arbitrage of peak-valley price difference and participation in electric auxiliary services. Therefore, the capacity and electricity charge dredging mechanism of pumped storage power station is studied.MethodsBased on the calculation of the electricity cost of Xinjiang pumped storage capacity, the problems existing in the cost dredging are analyzed. The dredging path of “market-oriented + transmission and distribution electricity price” is proposed for Xinjiang pumped storage power station. That is, the cost is recovered by transmission and distribution price before the maturity of power market construction, and the cost is recovered by marketization after the maturity of power market construction.ResultsCompared with the pure transmission and distribution electricity price recovery, the “market-oriented + transmission and distribution electricity price” method has higher feasibility in dredging capacity electricity price and the increase of transmission and distribution electricity price decrease by more than 90%, which is a feasible model to calm the excessive rise of transmission and distribution electricity price.ConclusionsAs a supplementary scheme for the operation cost recovery of pumped storage power stations, the research results will provide a broad market trading space for the pumped storage power stations.Keywords：pumping and storage power station;cost recovery;cost management;power market;electricity price measurement190|172|1<HTML><L-PDF><WORD><Meta-XML>Updated：2026-06-29
