美国得州2021轮停事故分析及其对中国电网改革的启示

doi:10.12096/j.2096-4528.pgt.21027

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

2月15日—16日，受冬季暴风影响，得州遭遇大规模轮流停电，约450万人口用电受到影响，现货市场电价大幅飙升，经济社会秩序受到严重影响。2月24日得克萨斯州电力可靠性委员会（ERCOT）发布了关于停电事件的首份事故报告。结合该份事故报告，简单介绍了得州电网的基本情况和此次轮停事件的始末，详细分析了导致停电事件的原因，并结合我国电网实际，重点提出了我国电网在实现“碳达峰、碳中和”目标下的发展建议。

关键词: 电网, 得州轮流停电, 新能源发电, 事故分析, 电力市场

Abstract:

On February 15 and 16, 2021, a winter storm swept across Texas, causing a destroying rotating blackout. The blackout has affected about 4.5 million residents, and the price on spot power market soared sharply, resulting in a great damage on the economic and social order. On February 24, the Electric Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT) released its first report of the blackout incident. Based on the report, a brief overview of Texas power grid and the development process of the whole blackout event were introduced firstly. Then, this paper analyzed the causes in detail. Finally, some suggestions on how to construct China power gird with the goal of achieving "carbon peak, carbon neutral" were proposed.

Key words: power grid, Texas' rotating blackout, new energy power generation, incident analysis, power market

中图分类号:

TM72

冷喜武. 美国得州2021轮停事故分析及其对中国电网改革的启示[J]. 发电技术, 2021, 42(2): 151-159.

Xiwu LENG. The Analysis of 2021 Texas' Rotating Blackout Incident and Its Enlightenment to the Reform of China Power Grid[J]. Power Generation Technology, 2021, 42(2): 151-159.

图/表 7

图1 事故发生前得州电网电力供应情况

Fig.1 Power supply of Texas power grid before the accident

表1 EEA分级和触发条件

Tab. 1 EEA classification and trigger conditions

能源紧急警报	触发条件
EEA1	运行备用低于2 300 MW，且预期无法在30 min内恢复
EEA2	运行备用低于1 750 MW，且预期无法在30 min内恢复；或频率低于59.91 Hz时间达15 min
EEA2	运行备用低于1 000 MW，且预期无法在30 min内恢复；或频率低于59.91 Hz达30 min

图2 事故过程的事件时序与系统频率变化

Fig.2 Event sequence and system frequency change in accident process

图3 得州2月14日—20日的切除负荷量

Fig.3 Load shedding from February 14 to 20 in Texas

图4 得州电力市场2月10日—16日实时市场电价走势

Fig.4 Trend of real time market price in Texas power market from February 10 to 16

图5 得州2月14日—17日负荷预测和限电后实际负荷

Fig.5 Load forecast and actual load after power restriction in Texas from February 14 to 17

图6 不同燃料类型机组的切除发电量

Fig.6 Generation capacity out by fuel type

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