掺烧固废燃料的循环流化床锅炉引风机叶片腐蚀原因分析

doi:10.12096/j.2096-4528.pgt.20055

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为研究某掺烧固废燃料的2×300 MW循环流化床机组引风机叶片腐蚀严重的原因，对腐蚀区域叶片和不同位置的灰进行了取样分析。X光衍射光谱（X-Ray diffractomer，XRD）、扫描电镜（scanning electron microscope，SEM）、X射线荧光光谱（X-ray fluorescence，XRF）等分析结果表明：在叶片锈样中和叶片表面均发现有Cl元素，未发现S元素，由此确定叶片腐蚀的原因是Cl腐蚀；通过对锅炉不同位置灰样的化验，发现空预器板结灰和半干法脱硫塔后布袋除尘器捕集的脱硫灰出现了Cl元素富集的情况，这是引起设备Cl腐蚀的关键。掺烧的固废燃料和污泥是Cl的主要来源，板结灰中的Cl富集与选择性非催化还原逃逸的NH₃有关，而脱硫灰中Cl富集的原因有待进一步研究确定。

关键词: 循环流化床, 锅炉, 固废燃料, 叶片腐蚀, Cl腐蚀

Abstract:

In order to study the reasons for serious corrosion problem of induced draft fan blades of a 2×300 MW circulating fluidized bed unit which were blended burning solid waste fuel, the samples of the corroded blade and ash from different positions were taken. The analysis results of X-Ray diffractomer (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) show that Cl element is found in the rust samples and on the surface of the blades, and no trace of S element is found. Therefore, it is determined that the cause of the corrosion of the blades is Cl corrosion. Through the test of ash samples at different positions of the boiler, it is found that the ash hardened on the air preheater and the ash collected by bag filter behind the semi-dry flue gas desulfurization are enriched in Cl, which is the key to cause the Cl corrosion of the equipment. The blended burning solid waste fuel and sludge are the main sources of Cl. The enrichment of Cl in the ash hardened on the air preheater is found related to NH₃ escaped from selective non-catalytic reduction, the reason of Cl enrichment in desulfurized ash needs further study.

Key words: circulating fluidized bed, boiler, solid waste fuel, blade corrosion, Cl corrosion

中图分类号:

TK16

邱国华, 徐鹏志. 掺烧固废燃料的循环流化床锅炉引风机叶片腐蚀原因分析[J]. 发电技术, 2020, 41(6): 681-688.

Guohua QIU, Pengzhi XU. Analysis on Corrosion Causes of Induced Draft Fan Blade in Circulating Fluidized Bed Boiler With Mixed Burning Solid Waste Fuel[J]. Power Generation Technology, 2020, 41(6): 681-688.

图/表 15

表1 煤质分析结果

Tab. 1 Results of coal quality analysis

参数	设计煤种	校核煤种
收到基碳C_ar/%	57.28	52.30
收到基氢H_ar/%	1.16	1.04
收到基氧O_ar/%	1.02	0.83
收到基氮N_ar/%	0.56	0.71
收到基硫S_t.ar/%	0.98	1.12
全水分M_t/%	9	12
收到基灰分A_ar/%	30	32
空干基水分M_ad/%	1.56	1.61
干燥无灰基挥发分V_daf/%	3.8	3.2
收到基低位发热量Q_net.ar/(MJ/kg)	20.68	19.07

表2 锅炉入炉煤质情况

Tab. 2 Coal quality situation of boiler

参数	褐煤	烟煤	无烟煤
质量分数/%	58	35	7
全水分M_t/%	32.7	17.4	19.1
空干基灰分A_ad/%	6.0	17.0	35.6
空干基水分M_ad/%	20.6	7.4	4.1
空干基挥发分V_ad/%	36.9	28.8	7.2
空干基全硫S_t.ad/%	0.6	0.7	1.0
收到基低位热值Q_net.ar/(MJ/kg)	16.6	20.7	16.0

表3 固废燃料成分组成

Tab. 3 Component parts of solid waste fuel

序号	成分名称	质量分数/%
1	布料	68~70
2	毡类	17~19
3	塑料	5~8
4	橡胶	6~9
5	无机物	2.0~2.5
6	小分子有机物	1~2

图1 引风机叶片腐蚀情况

Fig.1 Corrosion of induced draft fan blade

图2 叶片锈样XRD分析结果

Fig.2 XRD analysis results of blade rust samples

图3 位置1扫描电镜形貌

Fig.3 SEM morphology of position 1

图4 位置1选定区域能谱结果

Fig.4 Energy spectrum results of position 1 selected area

图5 位置2扫描电镜形貌

Fig.5 SEM morphology of position 2

图6 位置2选定区域能谱结果

Fig.6 Energy spectrum results of position 2 selected area

图7 位置3扫描电镜形貌

Fig.7 SEM morphology of position 3

图8 位置3能谱分析结果

Fig.8 Energy spectrum results of position 3

图9 Cl元素在位置3的分布

Fig.9 Distribution of Cl at position 3

图10 位置4不同放大倍数扫描电镜形貌

Fig.10 SEM morphology of position 4 with different magnification

图11 位置4选定区域能谱结果

Fig.11 Energy spectrum results of position 4 selected area

表4 灰成分分析结果

Tab. 4 Analysis results of ash composition %

序号	组分	板结灰	粉煤灰	脱硫灰
1	Na	0.381	1.190	0.287
2	Mg	1.400	3.040	2.150
3	Al	12.000	14.400	4.990
4	Si	23.200	28.200	11.300
5	P	0.232	0.303	0.104
6	S	17.400	9.700	36.000
7	Cl	3.610	0.420	3.860
8	K	0.743	0.924	0.285
9	Ca	9.740	31.300	36.400
10	Fe	29.500	8.00	3.770

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