基于Matlab/Simulink仿真的H级燃机发电机静态变频启动装置谐波分析

doi:10.12096/j.2096-4528.pgt.19131

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

随着燃气-蒸汽联合循环发电技术不断发展，发电机容量和参数要求不断提升。H级燃气-蒸汽联合循环发电机组的发电机需具备更为稳定、高效、安全的启动要求。为此，静态变频装置（static frequency converter，SFC）启动技术发展也迎来新的挑战。SFC启动技术精准、灵活、高效控制的同时，产生的谐波分量会对电源系统的电能质量有一定的影响。通过Matlab/Simulink建立H级燃机发电机SFC启动仿真模型，模拟发电机启动过程，观察系统参数变化，分析谐波分量占比。仿真结果显示，采用SFC启动可通过调节输出电流的频率和幅值，柔性提升发电机的转速，发电机启动受冲击小。但SFC内置大量非线性电气元件，会使大量谐波分量涌入系统之中，影响电能质量。因此，提出2种抑制谐波影响的SFC接入优化方案，即增设输入电抗器方案和输入电源改接发电机机端方案。通过仿真模型证实了2种方案都可有效抑制或减少谐波影响，满足电能质量要求。

关键词: 燃气-蒸汽联合循环发电, 静态变频装置(SFC), 变频调速, 重型燃机发电机, 谐波分析

Abstract:

With the development of gas-steam combined cycle power generation technology, the requirements of generator capacity and parameters are constantly improving. The generators of H class gas-steam combined cycle generator unit need to have more stable, efficient and safe starting requirements. It also stimulates improvement of static frequency converter (SFC) technology facing more challenge. SFC technology has displayed its advantages in controlling accurately, flexibly and efficiently. Meanwhile, SFC brings more harmonic components to influence the quality of power system. SFC start-up simulation model of H class gas turbine generator was built by Matlab/Simulink to simulate the generator start-up process, the evolvement of various parameters was researched and the proportion of harmonic components during the generator starting was analyzed. The simulation results show that the SFC start-up can increase the speed of the generator flexibly by adjusting the frequency and amplitude of the output current, and the impact of the generator start-up is small. However, large numbers of nonlinear electrical components built in SFC will cause higher proportion of harmonic components appear in power system and influence power quality. Therefore, two optimization schemes for SFC access were proposed to suppress harmonic effects, which are the scheme of adding input reactor before SFC and the scheme of changing generator end of input power supply. Through the simulation, it was proved that the two schemes can effectively suppress or reduce the harmonic effect and meet the requirements of power quality.

Key words: gas-steam combined cycle power generation, static frequency converter (SFC), variable frequency speed regulation, heavy duty gas turbine generator, harmonic analysis

中图分类号:

胡可嘉, 张军, 张天宇, 高立新. 基于Matlab/Simulink仿真的H级燃机发电机静态变频启动装置谐波分析[J]. 发电技术, 2020, 41(6): 697-705.

Kejia HU, Jun ZHANG, Tianyu ZHANG, Lixin GAO. Harmonic Analysis of H Class Gas Turbine Generator Starting With Static Frequency Converter Based on Matlab/Simulink Simulation[J]. Power Generation Technology, 2020, 41(6): 697-705.

图/表 18

图1 SFC接线原理图

Fig.1 SFC wiring schematic diagram

图2 发电机SFC启动Matlab/Simulink模型

Fig.2 Matlab/Simulink model of generator starting with SFC

图3 发电机SFC启动转速变化曲线

Fig.3 Rotor speed curve during generator starting with SFC

图4 发电机SFC启动定子电流变化曲线

Fig.4 Stator current curve of generator starting with SFC

表1 谐波电流允许值

Tab. 1 Allowed harmonic values of current

短路容量	谐波次数
短路容量	2	3	4	5	6	7
国标6kV基准短路容量100MV?A	43	34	21	34	14	24
本模型6 kV最小短路容量 200 MV?A修正值	86	68	42	68	28	48
国标110 kV基准短路容量 750 MV?A(220 kV最小短路容量2 000 MV?A同等参照)	12.0	9.6	6.0	9.6	4.0	6.8

表2 谐波电压总畸变率限值

Tab. 2 Threshold of total distortion rate of harmonic voltage

电网标称电压/kV	电压总谐波畸变率/%
6	4
110(220kV同等参照)	2

图5 6 kV单相电流变化曲线

Fig.5 6kV phase current curve

图6 6kV相间电压变化曲线

Fig.6 6kV phase to phase voltage curve

图7 3个时间段的电流波形FFT分析

Fig.7 FFT analysis of current waveforms in three time periods

表3 t1=(0.20, 0.30)s电流波形各高次谐波值

Tab. 3 Higher harmonic values of current waveform at t1=(0.20, 0.30)s

谐波	占比率/%	有效电流/A
基波	100	5309
2次谐波	0.89	47.25
3次谐波	0.23	12.21
4次谐波	0.11	5.84
5次谐波	0.07	3.72
6次谐波	0.03	1.59
7次谐波	0.04	2.12

表4 t2=(3.00, 3.10) s电流波形各高次谐波值

Tab. 4 Higher harmonic values of current waveform at t2=(3.00, 3.10) s

谐波	占比率/%	有效电流/A
基波	100	2 979
2次谐波	1.22	36.34
3次谐波	0.68	20.26
4次谐波	0.54	16.09
5次谐波	0.36	10.72
6次谐波	0.30	8.94
7次谐波	0.26	7.75

表5 t3=(9.00, 9.10) s电流波形各高次谐波值

Tab. 5 Higher harmonic values of current waveform at t3=(9.00, 9.10) s

谐波次数	占比率/%	有效电流/A
基波	100	947.8
2次谐波	0.18	1.71
3次谐波	0.06	0.57
4次谐波	0.05	0.47
5次谐波	0.04	0.38
6次谐波	0.01	0.09
7次谐波	0.03	0.28

图8 SFC增设电抗器模型

Fig.8 Model of adding reactor to SFC

图9 SFC增设电抗器后t1=(0.20, 0.30)s电流波形FFT分析

Fig.9 FFT analysis of current waveform at t1=(0.20, 0.30)s after adding reactor to SFC

表6 增设电抗器下t1=(0.20, 0.30)s电流波形各高次谐波值

Tab. 6 Higher harmonic value of current waveform at t1=(0.20, 0.30)s after adding reactor

谐波	占比率/%	有效电流/A
基波	100	2207
2次谐波	0.42	9.27
3次谐波	0.21	4.63
4次谐波	0.08	1.77
5次谐波	0.05	1.10
6次谐波	0.04	0.88
7次谐波	0.03	0.66

图10 SFC接至发电机机端与220kV主变之间模型

Fig.10 Model of SFC connecting between generator terminal and 220 kV main transformer

图11 SFC接至发电机机端与220 kV主变之间时t1=(0.20, 0.30)s电流波形FFT分析

Fig.11 FFT analysis of current waveform at t1=(0.20, 0.30)s when SFC connecting between generator terminal and 220 kV main transformer

表7 SFC接至发电机机端与220 kV主变之间时t1=(0.20, 0.30)s电流波形各高次谐波值

Tab. 7 Higher harmonic value of current waveform at t1=(0.20, 0.30)s when SFC connecting between generator terminal and 220 kV main transformer

谐波	占比率/%	有效电流/A
基波	100	212.2
2次谐波	5.36	11.37
3次谐波	1.04	2.21
4次谐波	0.65	1.38
5次谐波	0.39	0.83
6次谐波	0.32	0.68
7次谐波	0.35	0.74

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